Mahasweta Devi claims that we have Resources to Feed our People and No One should Starve!
She emphasised that the guilty Police Officials involved in Rizwanur case must be punished! She says that the Ration Revolt opens the Doors for Change in West Bengal!
Palash Biswas
Contact: Palash C Biswas, C/O Mrs Arati Roy, Gosto Kanan, Sodepur, Kolkata- 700110, India. Phone: 91-033-25659551
Email: alashbiswaskl@gmail.com">palashbiswaskl@gmail.com
Mahasweta Devi claims that we have resources to feed our people and no one should starve! She emphasised that the guilty Police Officials involved in Rizwanur case must be punished! She says that the Ration Revolt opens the Doors for Change in West Bengal! She told all these things to me on phone while setting a task most important!
The West Bengal chief minister, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee has assured action to ensure protection of the dealers.
The Trinamool Congress chief, Mamta Banerjee, has demanded an enquiry by the CBI in the matter. She has also called for immediate start of the second “Food Movement” in the state.
Though the West Bengal Congress has demanded a CBI probe into the mysterious death of Rizwan-ur-Rahman, External Affairs Minister Pranab Mukherjee tonight declined to make any comment on the issue.
"I can't make any comment as the matter is pending before the court," Mukherjee, also the WBPCC president, told reporters on the sidelines of a programme on the eve of the launch of Air India Express here.
Kishwar Jahan’s eyes are moist but not weak. She has lost sleep but not strength. Rizwanur Rahman’s mother will fight for justice till the last breath in her frail body.
“I have lost all meaning in life after my son’s murder. My last wish is that those responsible for his death be punished. We are too weak to fight a long legal battle but I will sell my house and even beg on the streets to ensure that my son gets justice,” says the 55-year-old in a voice feeble but firm.
The West Bengal government today told the Calcutta High Court that a petition demanding a CBI probe into the death of Rizwanur Rahman, who was threatened by senior police officials for marrying the daughter of a Hindu industrialist, was not maintainable. Appearing for the state, Advocate General Balai Roy submitted before Justice Soumitra Pal that apart from making allegations that Rizwanur had been threatened and pressured by officers of Kolkata police to send his wife Priyanka to his parents' house, the petitioners could not provide any proof that the senior officers had made such demands from the youth. He claimed that even if it is assumed that the threats had indeed been given, it was a non-cognizable offence. Further, unnatural death of an individual could not invite a CBI inquiry, Roy argued. He said there are two parts in the.
I talked to Mahashweta Devi after so many years! She called our friend Kripa Shankar Chaube at jansansar where we gathered to meet our friend Pankaj Bisht, the editor of Samayantar. Pankaj was with us this evening as he visited Kolkata enroute Andman and nicobar Islands. Jyotsna Bhabhi is on LTC and Pankaj has to accompany with the children. It was raining. I had to come over by train and Metro. It was already raining in Sodepur. But Pankajda has been so nice to me since my GIC days in Nainital that I could not stay home. He had clled me from Delhi erlier but iforgot. He reached Kolkata last day and failed to contact me. This morning as the phone was free from Net, I got the call. The day was all bright that time. When I reached Esplaned and came overground from the Tube, it was raining. The Metro and Grand Hotel campus was flooded with shopping people as Durga Puja and ID coincide. The streets were waterlogged. And it was near Stampede situation whereever there have been a shed. I made my way and reached to Jansansar behind Tiger. But Jyotsna Bhabhi and children could not cross the streams in flow. Kripa , Amitabh Chakrabarti, Prem Kapoor and Kusum Jain, and me with Pankaj Da, we had a heated discussion on National, International scenerio and the Nationality problems along with West Bengal. The focus was on Brahminical hegemony and current political set up.
This was the drop scene as mahashweta Devi got us.
As it has been since 1980, my dhanbad days, she is full of enthusiasm. She was not angry with my comments on her stance on Dalits and Refugees as I had been afraid of. But she as a worth leader aged Eighty four set up agenda for me immediately. She also talked to Pankaj Da. Well, Didi has accepted Nandigram and Singur phenomenon as Dalit Muslim Insurrection. She decalred that despite the subversive game the National International focus remains on Nandigram, the launching pad for Anti Imperialist Movement. What she told was rather amazing as I personally know that she does not use Computor, she is well aware of whtaever I do write on blogs. She said that so called main stream Media is quite detached with the real issues and People`s Movement, We should use the Blogs! She adviced me to circulate the documents relevant via Blogs and whenever possible, in the Print Media!
Mahashweta Didi once again invited me to her resisdence to get all the feedbacks. She spoke on Right for Food and Right for Employment. I inforemd her taht I will be meeting her Next Week since I will be in Karnataka from 10 th Oct and will be returning on 13th.
Veteran Marxist leader Jyoti Basu on Monday said West Bengal Chief Minister Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee had told him that no police officer, allegedly involved in the mysterious death of computer graphics teacher Rizwanur Rehman, who had married a Hindu girl, would be spared. Basu on Friday had severely criticised the police for its interference in the case and came out strongly in support of punishing guilty police officers.
"No police officer, involved in the Rizwanur death case, will be spared. That is what the chief minister has told me," Basu told reporters in Kolkata. The former Chief Minister said that he had never heard policemen getting involved in such affairs of couples.
Chief minister Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee is expected to set in motion a “clean-up” of Calcutta police with the removal of two deputy commissioners linked to the Rizwanur Rahman case.Reports the Telegraph.The “sweeping changes” could eventually ensure the easing out of Prasun Mukherjee as police commissioner, sources said.Deputy commissioners Gyanwant Singh and Ajoy Kumar, accused of threatening Rizwanur and wife Priyanka Todi, could be shunted out as early as this week, the sources said.The government is waiting for the report of the CID, which “examined” the two officers yesterday. The two are learnt to have fumbled several times and some of their answers were at variance with the depositions of others.The CID report will give the government the administrative excuse it is looking for to initiate action against the officers. If the CID submits a report on Monday, the transfers will follow immediately. The government will also closely follow the developments in the high court, which is expected to hear a petition for a CBI probe tomorrow. Home secretary Prasad Ranjan Ray, who was in Delhi yesterday, is likely to get the necessary clearance from the Union home ministry for action against the IPS officers.The chief minister had last week told Jyoti Basu that two officers would be removed but did not want to rush into administrative actions vulnerable to legal scrutiny.
Six persons were injured and a policeman suffered bullet wounds in intermittent exchange of fire between activists of CPI(M) and a Trinamool Congress-backed outfit protesting acquisition of farmland in troubled Nandigram in West Bengal on Monday. Clashes were continuing since Sunday at Ranichak and Hatengabari in Nandigram amid claims and counter-claims of abduction, police sources said. While a Nandigram report said a policeman, identified as Ajoy Das, suffered bullet injuries, IGP (law and order) Raj Kanojia said six persons were injured in the clashes at Tekhalibazar and Hatengabari areas of Khejuri. Kanojia said the police was yet to confirm if any one was killed in the firing.
The scene is the same as it was in the late sixties, with several incidences of people deprived of ration supply attacking ration dealers’ shops and houses and the police resorting to lathi-charge and firing to disperse the violent mob.
"Food Movement" has been the key to CPI(M)'s political success in West Bengal during the late sixties and early seventies.But after 30 years of uninterrupted Left Front rule in West Bengal, the same movement has boomeranged for the party. CPI(M)’s success mantra, the Food Movement, may now backfire on at it.
Can't eliminate Blueline buses
NDTV.com - 6 hours ago
After seven people were crushed under the wheels of a Blueline bus in Delhi on Sunday, the state government has announced a compensation of Rs 1 lakh each for the families of the deceased.
Blueline buses: Killers on roads, who will stop them? Merinews
HC expresses anguish over Blueline accident Hindu
Aljazeera.net Bengal to clear way for steel cos
Economic Times, India - 16 hours ago
KOLKATA: With a majority of its special economic zones (SEZs) stalled due to land acquisition problems, the West Bengal government has decided to tone up ...
One killed as farmers, communists clash over land takeover for ... International Herald Tribune
Indian farmers protest land seizure Aljazeera.net
Vodafone to connect all West Bengal villages by 2009
Economic Times, India - 5 hours ago
8 Oct, 2007, 1550 hrs IST, PTI KOLKATA: Vodafone Essar East would connect all villages in West Bengal by 2009, a top company official said on Monday. ...
NANDIGRAM: After an uneasy calm for a few weeks, Nandigram again erupted in violence on Sunday afternoon. Gunmen shot dead a 65-year-old woman and injured a child. The firing started around 1 pm from Khejuri. Villagers said masked attackers entered Simulkundu village after crossing the Bhangabhera canal through the Tekhali bridge - the scene of the March 14 bloodbath. They stormed into Parbati Mitra's hut as she slept and pumped five bullets into her at point-blank range. No one else was present in the house at the time.
Another band of masked gunmen entered Gokulnagar village and began firing indiscriminately. Ten-year-old Mano Mitra, who was playing in the courtyard of her house, fell after a bullet hit her on the chest. She has been admitted to the Tamluk sub-divisional hospital where her condition is said to be critical. Firing was also reported from other trouble-torn areas of Nandigram, like Bhangabhera, Tekhali, Brindabanchak and Ranichar.
Villagers alleged that policemen at the camp near Bhangabhera bridge fled on seeing the armed men. However, East Midnapore SP G A Srinivas denied this. "Policemen are still present in the area," he said. The Trinamul Congress-backed Bhumi Uchchhed Pratirodh Committee members blamed CPM goons for the attacks, saying the bullets were fired from Khejuri.
However, CPM East Midnapore district leaders denied the charges and claimed two of their supporters were injured in the shooting. BUPC leaders said they were "not prepared for the attack".
"This was a sudden assault. There had been no firing for the last few days. We were hoping that peace would return to the villages but today's attack has put a spanner on the peace process," said Swadesh Das, a BUPC leader. No arrests have been made so far.
a flat, 21 km strip of land in the middle of the Haldi river, three metres above sea level and accessible only by motorised boats, is the West Bengal government’s alternative to Nandigram for a chemical hub. The state cabinet on September 17 endorsed a plan to locate the Indonesia-based Salim group’s chemical complex on the strip of land, called Nayachar (new sandbank). The proposal, first aired in early September, stands mired in controversy.
The land bar (geologists say Nayachar doesn’t qualify for island status) lies about three km east of Haldia in East Midnapore district and 11 km from Nandigram.Conservationists say strong tides around Nayachar could spread effluents from chemical factories located upstream and downstream, polluting the delta and affecting marine life. Scientists have found presence of heavy metals like lead and zinc in the waters at Ganga Sagar, where the Hooghly merges with the Indian Ocean.
The Nandigram proposal had to be shelved in March after police fired on villagers protesting acquisition of their farmland, killing at least 14.
State officials say the new site is feasible because the government has around 4,450 hectares (ha) at Nayachar, while the project requires around 4,045 ha.
The state, however, hasn’t discussed rehabilitation of 3,000 fisherfolk living there (see box: Local lifestyle). Mostly squatters, though some were moved there by the government in the 1980s to promote fishing, these people have no legal rights over the land. Residents like Kajal Guri and her family who have been living in a tiny mud hut by the riverbank for 19 years hope they’ll get jobs in the factories that they hear will raze their homes.
The chemical hub is to be a 50:50 joint venture between the New Kolkata International Development, a company promoted by the Salim group, and the West Bengal Industrial Development Corporation. The state wants to make the hub part of a petroleum, chemical, petrochemical investment region that would include existing petrochemical plants such as hpl, Mitsubishi and South Asian Petrochem in Haldia. Nayachar will be connected to the petrochemical hub, Haldia, by a bridge. It is expected the region will attract investments worth Rs 440 billion. The state will now send a proposal to the centre for approval.
CID to scan Rizwan's last calls, reports Times of India.
Rizwanur Rahman had made desperate calls to Priyanka and her father, businessman Ashok Todi, the day he was killed. All the calls were disconnected and the phone finally switched off by the Todis. These calls in the last moments of Rizwanur's life will now be the focus of the CID investigation.
CID will interrogate Ashok and his wife, pointedly on these calls and SMSes. The agency hopes that it will shed some light on the motive for Rizwanur's ‘suicide' (the CID's interim report hints that the Todis' son-in-law killed himself). "The calls and SMSes are very crucial evidence in court," said a CID officer.
CID investigators would also want to know from Priyanka and her parents why Rizwanur was denied any communication with his legally married wife. The officers have come to know that Priyanka's cellphone was not with her --her parents had taken it.
As Rizwanur desperately kept calling Priyanka, no one responded.
Then, the mobile was switched off. "This is clearly a case of breach of trust. Ashok Todi's cousin Anil Saraogi gave a written undertaking in front of police that Priyanka would go back to Rizwanur after a week, but the Todis ensured that Priyanka could never be in touch with Rizwanur," said an officer.
After he failed to gain access to Priyanka, Rizwanur kept calling both Ashok and his wife, but in vain. Rizwanur then sent them a number of SMSes --one of them said ‘ek bar uski awaz suna dena' (Please let me hear her voice once) --pleading with them but all requests fell on deaf ears.
Then, Ashok Todi and his wife switched off their mobiles, too. It was very frustrating for Rizwanur to face a situation where every channel of communication with his wife was ruthlessly blocked.
Rizwanur, a graphic designer, then tried to impress his father-in-law by designing an advertisement for Todi's hosiery brand. He tried to win their hearts and earn their faith by proving his worth.
"He tried to call Ashok to tell him about the advertisements, but did not get any response. Evidently, his hopelessness was mounting," said an officer.
But even after questioning 56 persons, including four Kolkata Police officers, investigators could not unravel the motive behind the 'suicide'.
Many doubt the CID's suicide theory, especially because Rizwanur had called up APDR's Sujato Bhadra, just minutes before his death, to fix up an appointment with senior officers at Lalbazar police headquarters. He was determined to get back his wife through legal means. This doesn't indicate the psyche of a suicidal mind.
Jail Bharo In October
CPI(M) Cuddapah district secretary and Party town secretary being paraded with handcuffs by the police for participating in the land struggle
M Venugopala Rao
http://pd.cpim.org/2007/0930/09302007_ap_1.htm
A ROUND-TABLE meeting of different political parties on “Government’s repression on people’s movement” organised by CPI(M) state committee and CPI state council at Sundarayya Vignana Kendram in Hyderabad on September 23, 2007, strongly condemned the dictatorial attitude of the Congress government towards the land movement of the poor that has been going on for more than four months and demanded it to stop the repression forthwith. Leaders of various political parties announced their complete support to the land struggle led by the Left parties. Leaders of the CPI(M), CPI, Telugu Desam Party, Telangana Rashtra Samithi, Majlis Bachao Tehreek and Lok Satta participated in the meeting. The meeting decided to write letters to the chief minister, Y S Rajasekhara Reddy, and the governor of the state, N D Tiwari, to this effect. B V Raghavulu, Polit Bureau member and CPI(M) state secretary and K Narayana, CPI state secretary said a delegation of leaders of political parties would meet the chief minister and the governor and future programme of action would be prepared based on their response.
Addressing the meeting, Raghavulu said the Congress government in the state was not only trying to suppress the land movement with an iron hand, but also continuing its repressive measures on other movements as well. The police beat up the people participating in different struggles in such a way that no signs of injuries were visible on their bodies. The police were tormenting the agitators by pushing needles into their skin and subjecting women to mental torture by abusing them, Raghavulu stated. He expressed anguish at the beating up of even old people by the police. He strongly condemned the incredibly atrocious propaganda that the CPI(M) and CPI leaders were molesting women and committing atrocities on people of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes and made it clear that the Left parties were committed to certain values.
Lashing out at the government for handcuffing and parading the leaders of the CPI(M) in Cuddapah district, Raghavulu questioned whether the police were also handcuffing the leaders of the Congress party when they committed offences. He referred to the police beating up TDP workers when they were agitating on the issue of leasing of mines at Obulapuram in Anantapur district, the inhuman treatment of tribal women by the police at Vakapalli in Visakhapatnam district and harassing innocent people in old city of Hyderabad in the name of tackling terrorist activities. He found fault with the government for its dictatorial attitude towards the media, including newspapers, which had exposed its corruption. Raghavulu said though all these misdeeds appeared to be the acts of the police, they were resorting to such acts only because they were provoked by the government itself. He underlined the need for all political parties to conduct a movement collectively against all repressive measures of the government. Making it clear that they would not keep quiet if civil liberties were endangered, Raghavulu asked leaders of associations of civil liberties also to respond and launch a movement for protection of civil liberties.
Narayana found fault with the chief minister for directing the police to suppress the land movement with an iron hand. He appealed to all the political parties to extend their support to the people’s movements launched by the Left parties and intensify the land movement in a coordinated way. Kadiam Srihari, a member of TDP Polit Bureau announced his party’s full cooperation to the future decisions taken by the Left parties on the land movement. He criticised the government for trying to suppress the land movement by treating it as an anti-government movement. Nayani Narsimha Reddy, TRS MLA said that it was foolish on the part of the government to think of suppressing the land movement, instead of finding a solution to it. Amjadullah Khan, MBT leader and P Satyanarayana of Lok Satta announced their support to the land movement of the poor for house sites and arable land.
CPI(M) DECIDES TO INTENSIFY STRUGGLE
The CPI(M) state committee held on September 16 decided to further intensify the land movement and extend it to more number of centres. The state committee of the Party resolved to continue the struggle till all the eligible poor get house sites, houses and arable land and congratulated the people for participating in a big way without being afraid of the repression. Narrating the repressive measures being adopted by the police to suppress the movement and foisting a large number of cases on the leaders and the people under sections of law applicable to serious offences, the state committee members pointed out that the police were trying to keep them in jail for more number of days. The meeting cited the example of bringing the CPI(M) leaders with handcuffs to a court in Cuddapah and foisting a case of attempt to rape on them and strongly condemned such repression. G Nagayya presided over the meeting.
JAIL BHARO IN OCTOBER
A meeting of CPI(M) and CPI leaders held on September 22 at M B Bhavan in Hyderabad decided to organise jail bharo programme as a part of intensifying the land movement in October. It strongly condemned the announcement of the chief minister to suppress the land movement going on in the state with an iron hand. The CPI(M) and CPI felt it was reprehensible that the government was forcibly removing and burning the huts raised by the poor and foisting cases on them and sending them to jails. The meeting also demanded the government to reduce the prices of essential commodities which are increasing day by day. It decided to conduct protest programmes on October 8 on this demand. B V Raghavulu, Y Venkateswara Rao and G Ramulu of the CPI(M), K Narayana, K Ramakrishna and S Venkateswarlu of the CPI participated in the meeting.
Protesting the government’s repression on the land movement, CPI(M) and CPI held a massive dharna at Indira park in Hyderabad on the September 22. Addressing the dharna, B V Raghavulu warned the government that the people would not bother about the repression and that the land movement would be intensified if the government did not solve their demands. He challenged the chief minister to come to any village of his choice and asserted to prove corruption in the implementation of Indiramma housing programme. Raghavulu found fault with the government for not taking necessary action on the report of Ramachandra Samal, former vigilance commissioner, on corruption in the administrative machinery and for resorting to counter attack on the opposition. K Narayana announced that jail bharo programme would be organised on a large scale on October 20.
CPI(M) Central secretariat member Hannan Mollah and Central Commitee member Suneet Chopra, Vijayaraghavan, general secretary of All India Agricultural Workers’ Union, K Raghavan, vice president and several other leaders of the union from different states participated in the land movement at various places in Visakhapatnam, Srikakulam, Kurnool, Khammam, Krishna, Guntur, Prakasam, West Godavari, East Godavari, Vijayanagaram, Chittoor, Ranga Reddy, Warangal and Adilabad districts. They pitched Red flags on the land occupied by the poor and ploughed it. Suneet Chopra and several other leaders were arrested by the police at Markapuram and they were released after the people took out a procession and staged a sit-in at the police station. Addressing meetings organised on the occasion, CPI(M) and AIAWU leaders demanded the government to distribute land to the poor. They explained the struggles of the poor in different states and the kind of repression they were facing in the hands of the respective governments led by bourgeois-landlord parties. Suneet Chopra congratulated the movement saying that Andhra Pradesh also was moving in the way of West Bengal, Kerala and Tripura. Vijayaraghavan announced that the people of Kerala donated a sum of Rs 68 lakhs to the land movement in Andhra Pradesh.
The extent to which malnourishment and death from starvation still pervades human society is made clear by statistics, such as the following:
In 1994, the United Nations estimated that one eighth of people were actually starving.(1) "Millions are constantly hungry; while others suffer from deficiency diseases and from infections they would be able to resist on a better diet."(2)
In the year 200, the World Bank estimated that 840 million people do not have enough food to eat. An estimated 2 billion people lack sufficient iron in their diets, with 1.2 billion suffering from iron-deficiency anemia.(22)
The 2001 Human Development Report includes figures from the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organisation (F.A.O.) showing that, in the world's least developed countries, 38% of the population were undernourished in the 1996–8 period. (See http://www.undp.org/ and http://www.fao.org/.)
In terms of sheer numbers, there are more chronically hungry people in Asia and the Pacific, but the depth of hunger is clearly the greatest in sub-Saharan Africa. There, in 46 percent of the countries, the undernourished have an average deficit of more than 300 kilocalories per person per day.(3)
As has been written in The Observer newspaper in London, if 100 jumbo jets crashed tomorrow, killing all on board, the world would be united in mourning, but every day, a similar number of people die of hunger-related diseases, almost without mention.
Such statistics are widely available. Many see them as evidence that the planet is overpopulated. The sheer, undiminishing size of these statistics leaves them as something that is 'accepted' as part of life in the modern world. The problem is simply too huge for us to do anything about, it seems, and reflection on the subject often ends here.
Yet there are other, undeniably significant statistics to suggest that malnutrition and starvation are far from inevitable, given the resources and productive capacity we have available. These are the statistics which are slightly less widely disseminated:
It is a fact that enough food to feed the world is currently produced. 300 kg of grain per head is currently produced worldwide each year. 200 kg of grain contains the calories needed by an adult per year. (Grain is widely used as a measure of food production as it supplies more than half humanity's calories.)
The 5.8 billion people in the world today have, on average, 15 percent more food per person than the global population, of 4 billion people, had 20 years ago.(4)
The world today produces enough grain to provide 3500 calories per person (this estimate does not include vegetables, beans, nuts, root crops, fruits, grass-fed meets, fish.)(23)
It is the poverty of millions of people who cannot afford to buy food that causes starvation. This conclusion has been reached by Vaclav Smil in a recent study entitled Feeding the World(29). An F.A.O. study by Nikos Alexandratos confirms this point. He writes
Food availabilities for the world as a whole are today equivalent to some 2700 kilocalories per person per day …., up from 2300 calories 30 years ago.(28)
It has been recognised by a wide range of other commentators:
food is not fairly shared; it goes to those who can afford it or have the means to grow it.(5)
Famine exists largely because the hungry cannot afford to buy food, not because there is insufficient food produced.(6)
In none of the twentieth century famines has there been an absolute shortage of food; the problem has been unequal access due to poverty, a problem that resort to food aid has not solved. In Bengal in 1943–1944 about three million people died after rice prices quadrupled in two years. Worst affected were the rural areas, where wages had not kept pace with wartime inflation, and some towns where workers were unemployed because of the dislocation caused by the war. People without money were unable to buy food and the British imperial authorities took little action (apart from moving food to Calcutta because they feared mass civil unrest). One of the worst famines of modern times therefore took place when the amount of food per head in Bengal was actually 7% higher than in 1941 and food stocks were at record levels. In Ethiopia, in 1972–1974, about 200,000 people died in the provinces of Wollo and Tigre even though the country's food production only fell by just over 5%—during this period food was still being exported from the affected provinces and from the country as a whole. In Bangladesh in 1974 when rice prices doubled in three months after severe flooding, those who were out of work because of the disruption caused by the floods could not afford to buy food. As a result one and a half million people died of starvation. But there was no absolute shortage of food—production of rice in Bangladesh, both in total and per head terms, was the highest ever in 1974—once again it was a problem of who had the resources to buy food at higher prices.(7)
In South Africa around 50,000 black children starve to death each year—136 every day. Yet South Africa is a net exporter of agricultural products.(8)
There are many more examples. In 1983, the value of food exported by countries in the Horn of Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda) exceeded their imports by $1 billion. Yet hunger in these countries increased.(25)
Much food is currently stored or destroyed when 'too much' food is produced. This means too much for the market as it is only the demands of those with purchasing power that counts. Restricting the food supply in this way keeps prices high enough for producers to maximise their profits:
in one season, French peasant co-ops were paid to destroy fruit and vegetables the weight of 17 Arcs de Triomph(9)
Around 240 million tonnes of grain are stored worldwide in order to keep the price high. That would provide every human being with 3600 calories a day(10)
So what are the prospects for the future? If grain production continues to increase at the current rate of 12 million tonnes per year then by 2020 the world harvest will be 2.1 billion tones. Population is expected to be 8.5 billion in 2020. That gives a figure of 247 kilogrammes per person. In 2050, if production grows at the same rate and population grows to only 10 billion, we will still have 244 kilogrammes per person.(11) However, the rate of growth in world food production is starting to fall. Before 1984, total production climbed 3 per cent per year; now this averages 1 per cent per year.(12) This leaves open the question as to whether enough food will always be produced to feed everyone.
Some commentators have viewed such statistics as pointing to an inevitable world food shortage occurring during the next century. They cite examples such as China where it is expected that grain imports will need to rise from the current 12 million tonnes per year at present to 100 million tonnes by the year 2000.(13)
It has often been suggested that reducing the scale of meat production is one particular measure that will be necessary to provide enough food for the increasing population. It is indeed the case that growing crops for use as animal feed in order to produce meat requires a relatively large area of land for each unit of energy in the food produced. It is a well established fact that crops that are grown directly for human consumption yield more energy for a given area of land than meat production. Vaclav Smil at M.I.T. has recently studied the question of how much potential there is to expand global food production. According to Smil, the best possible estimate of the land area currently in use for food production is approximately 1.5 Gha (i.e. one thousand thousand hectares—a hectare is 10,000 square metres.) With a global population of 10 million, this would be 1500 square metres per person. This, he points out is enough for a daily supply of 2500 kilocalories per capita, based upon what he describes as "moderately intensive" single crop farming with products composed largely of dairy products, poultry and