False Election Alarm
No Time Line Set for Nuke deal, Pranab Saves the Left
Left parties to watch for the government's attitude until the Winter session of Parliament
Palash Biswas
Contact: Palash C Biswas, C/O Mrs Arati Roy, Gosto Kanan, Sodepur, Kolkata- 700110, India. Phone: 91-033-25659551
Email: palashbiswaskl@gmail.com
The United States has refused to set a timeline for finalizing an unprecedented nuclear deal it has signed with India, saying that it would make further moves only when the Indians are ready for it. Pranab Mukherjee saves the UPA Government as well as the Left. Left parties who would like to watch for the government's attitude until the Winter session of Parliament during which they may take a final decision on continuation of their support to the UPA.Talking to media persons in Kolakata, CPI(M) senior leaders M K Pandhe and Mohammad Salim said, ''there is no question of Left parties going back on their position on the deal.''They said since the last two years, they were insisting that the government could not step out of the Common Minimum Programme (CMP).
“We will deal with it as it comes. We’ll deal with it in terms of the opportunities that are there when India is ready to move forward,” Assistant Secretary of State for South and Central Asian Affairs Richard Boucher said when asked if there was any timeline for moving the deal forward.
The US Congress has already approved the operative part of the deal, signed more than two years ago, and is waiting for the Indian response.
Left-wing parties in the ruling coalition in India as well as some opposition groups, however, say that there are clauses in the operative document that limit India’s ability to enrich uranium for military purposes and attempt to influence New Delhi’s relations with other nations, particularly Iran.
At a briefing on recent developments in South Asia, Mr Boucher referred to the strong opposition the Indian government is facing in its parliament over the nuclear agreement and said that the United States would let the Indians sort out these problems first.
Mr Boucher said the issue did come up during discussions between US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and Indian External Affairs Minister Pranab Mukherjee in New York on Wednesday.
“We did talk about the steps down the road, but we’ll leave it to the Indians to work their way through the current political discussion in Delhi,” the US official said.

“We are fighting fit. We are ready for polls anytime,” asserts Nara Chandrababu Naidu, the Telugu Desam Party (TDP) boss. The veteran of many poll campaigns can feel good times coming.He feels that the tide is turning against the ruling Congress party in the state and if any party was in a position to benefit from it, it is TDP. And he has been telling his party men to get ready for the mid-term polls.Samajwadi Party (SP) president Mulayam Singh Yadav on Saturday said the party was ready to support a no-confidence motion moved by any party against the UPA government.However, it would be better if the Left Front moved a no-trust motion against Manmohan Singh government, Yadav told reporters. The nuclear pact with the United States would have far-reaching adverse consequences on India, the SP chief said and added: “Congress and BJP have had a secret alliance.”The former UP chief minister told journalists in Lucknow, however, denied that the United National progressive Alliance (UNPA) was holding talks with the Left parties for an electoral alliance. “The SP will come out with its electoral strategy only after the Lok Sabha elections are announced,” he said.
''Our support to the Manmohan Singh government is based on commitment made in the CMP and not the Prime Minister's assurance to the Bush administration.''
CPI national secretary Shamim Faizi said the October 5 UPA-Left panel meet would not come to any firm conclusion, so the process could be dragged on till the end of the month.
''But from the exchange of notes between the UPA and the Left parties on the deal, it is obvious that they have taken irreconcilable stands.''
Mr Faizi, who is also the editor of CPI weekly New Age, elaborated the UPA was not ready to budge from its position that the Hyde Act overshadows the 123 Agreement, whereas the Left held a contrary view.
The Left leaders indicated that the nuke deal might ultimately push to a discussion in Parliament during the winter session where they would try to show that the government is in minority.Once that was acheived, the Left might raise the issue of non-implementation of the CMP and would use the occasion for withdrawing the support to the government.
The UPA and the Left parties are likely to remain engaged on the Indo-US nuclear deal under the umbrella of political mechanism worked out by them for some more time, though both sides are mentally prepared to part ways to pave way for snap polls. With the CPM Central Committee meeting on the nuclear deal for the second day on Sunday, conflicting signals emerged, with party patriarch Jyoti Basu willing to wait for the outcome of the UPA-Left committee meeting in October before deciding the next course of action. As the Left parties tightened the noose over the UPA on the Indo-US civil nuclear deal, the government strongly came out defending the accord ahead of the crucial meeting between the sides on the issue. The two sides have, however, agreed to take note of the Committee's findings on the matter before making any forward movement.The general elections are around the corner. Most political parties are preparing for the elections which will come in early or mid 2008. Of course CPI(M) general-secretary Prakash Karat says that the elections will take place in 2009 as per schedule and there won’t be any mid-term polls! In the meanwhile, the Left continues to fire nuclear blanks at the Congress, and it is only a matter of time before it starts focusing on economic issues. The Left is determined to make another "historic blunder," as a new election will see it shrink from 65 seats to anything between 40-45 seats.
The immediate solution visible to Congress Party is to accept the challenge of left parties and allowing the government to fall and go for fresh election. Left parties have decided not to compromise with their stand on the nuclear deal and hence it is not possible for Congress party to operationalise the deal as long as they are dependent on the outside support of the left parties. On the other hand, hardliner and party Politburo member M K Pandhe said, "What concessions? The only concession is stopping the deal.The communist deliberations in their eastern stronghold of Kolkata assumes added importance as New Delhi faces an informal end-October deadline to push the next steps needed to clinch the deal, something the left parties have warned against. Failure by the two sides to find a way out could force general elections being called early next year instead of early 2009 when they are due, some government leaders have said, as Singh's coalition is unwilling to dump the nuclear deal. While that has not deterred communist leaders in New Delhi from pushing the crisis to the brink, their counterparts in West Bengal state, of which Kolkata is the capital, are not seen keen to face early elections.State leaders have in recent days voiced their support for American investment as well as the need for US help to build a nuclear power plant in the province.

Indian Airforce helicopters today airdropped food and relief material in flood-hit areas, as the death toll rose to 41.The packets were airdropped in Khanakul in Hooghly and Udaynarayanpur in adjacent Howrah districts, where river Rupnarayan has breached its embankment and inundated several villages.Thousands of people were marooned in the two areas, as civil defence personnel rescued about 2,500 persons from Ghatal and Daspur areas during the day, West Bengal's Finance minister Asim Dasgupta told reporters here.The death toll in 12 districts, including Howrah, Hooghly, Murshidabad and West Midnapore, rose to 41 during the day, with as many as 30 lakh people hit by the floods that have already damaged 3.24 lakh dwellings.
Dasgupta, who reviewed the situation at a high-level meeting, said the state government increased the funds for relief and restoration to Rs 32 crore.Another Rs 35 crore would shortly be sanctioned for major restoration work, he added.About 3.24 lakh people affected by floods had taken shelter in 1,514 camps, he said.The flood situation, he said, slightly improved during the day with no release from Massanjore and Kangsabati reservoirs.The authorities have been requested to reduce discharge from its dams.

Two UPA-Left meetings on the nuclear deal are to be held on October 5 and 14, 2007. Let us first see whether they offer some concession. Then we will decide," Basu told reporters when asked whether the Central Committee has been deliberating strategy in the event of the deadlock persisting even after the forthcoming UPA-Left meetings. Although leaders on both sides have privately talked about a possible compromise, there has been no indication yet that one is imminent ahead of a crucial October 5 meeting of a joint panel formed to resolve the crisis. While the two governments and supporters of the deal have called it historic, saying it symbolises the growing strategic friendship between India and the United States, the communists have rejected it.
West Bengal Electricity Minister Mrinal Banerjee has managed to attract an investment of Rs 12 billion in the energy sector in the state. The target of West Bengal is to attract Rs 50 billion in five years. This was recently officially confirmed by West Bengal Secretary for Power S.P.Gon Chaudhuri.The investment in Kerala energy sector since the new LDF Government came to power, according to the balance sheet of the KSEB for the last year pending release, is nil.Unlike Kerala Electricity Minister A.K.Balan, West Bengal has not made any claims on full electrification as there are new applicants and demand for energy everyday in accordance with the development agenda of the government.
Faced with opposition flak over farm land acquisiton for industry, the West Bengal government has decided to conduct a socio-economic survey of project -affected people to formulate compensation package for them, Industry Minister Nirupam Sen said today.
"We have decided to conduct socio-economic survey around the areas where the projects are to come up. This will help us make a profile of the affected people so that we can formulate rehabilitation packages for them," Sen told reporters after a day-long discussion with various stakeholders on major policy issues regarding the state's industrialisation.
Stating that the government had identified six areas as 'growth poles' for big industries, he said those included the Greater Kolkata area comprising North and South 24-Parganas, Howrah and Hooghly districts, the Asansol-Durgapur belt incluparts of the backward Bankura and Purlia districts, the area around the Haldia port comprising Kharagpur-Midnapore -Jhargarm belt, the Siliguri-Jalpaiguri area in North Bengal and the Kalyani township in North 24-Parganas.Another survey would be taken up to identify available land for setting up clusters for small and medium industries, Industry secretary Sabyasachi Sen said.Besides representatives of the chambers of commerce, the discussion was attended by officials of the State Planning Board, the State Agriculture Commission, academics from the IIT, IIM, the Indian Statistical Institute and the Institute for the Study of Social Sciences and senior journalists.
To find a solution to the woes of tea gardens in West Bengal, the Indian Tea Association (ITA) has decided to hold a meeting of tea garden owners to discuss various issues relating to the alternative use of tea garden lands. This move is a follow-up action on the West Bengal Government's decision to invite views of the state's tea sector with specific proposals for crop diversification as a measure to revive the sector. The ITA, according to officials, will prepare a comprehensive memorandum on the basis of inputs and suggestions received from the garden owners and submit it to the state government.Meanwhile, the Tea Board has appointed the West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences (WBNUJS) to examine the land laws in West Bengal and Assam to suggest how enabling provisions in the existing laws in the two states could be used to facilitate alternative use of the tea garden lands.The WBNUJS, it is learnt, will shortly firm up its views on the subject.
According to the ITA, certain enabling provisions are required to be put in place. Thus, Section 6(3) of the West Bengal Estates Acquisition Act 1953 should be amended to allow cropping/alternative economic activity in land held as tea garden.
West Bengal is planning to spend 60 percent of this Rs 50 billion in the manufacturing sector alone and the rest in power generation.No other state, except Maharashtra, has such an ambitious power sector plan which is working.West Bengal State Electricity Transmission Company Limited (WBSETC) has already come into effect after restructuring the former West Bengal Electricity Board in compliance with the Electricity Act 2003.WBSETC is responsible for transmitting power at 400 kv, 220 kv, 132 kv and 66 kv throughout the state. Jeerat 400 kv substation under it is the first and only sub-station to achieve ISO 9001:2000 certification from KVQA in Norway.

The West Bengal Renewable Energy Agency is actively collaborating with the International Technology Cooperation Network (INTEC). INTEC is sponsored by the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology and is implemented by the Federation of Industrial Research Organisations.The objective of the network which spreads to 15 countries worldwide is to catalyse and support technology cooperation between small and medium industries as well as research institutions.Through this cooperation, West Bengal Government’s agenda has been extended to serious exploration in energey efficiency, renewable energy generation, emissions trading and clean development mechanism apart from big claims on traditional concepts such as mere generation, transmission and distribution.Apart from Maharashtra, West Bengal is the only state selected for clean development mechanism (CDM) by the international cooperation.

Major issues, ranging from the impact of the Hyde Act on the 123 agreement, fuel supply assurances, IAEA safeguards and full nuclear cooperation to the annual certification by the US President, have been raised at earlier UPA-Left meetings chaired by External Affairs Minister Pranab Mukherjee.
Notwithstanding Left's scathing criticism, the UPA has asserted that the outside supporters should be 'confident' about government's ability to secure India's national interests. It also claimed that successive governments have resisted external pressures on nuclear issues.
On the Left concerns over how the Hyde Act would affect the implementation of 123 agreement by Washington, government in its response has said once the accord was approved by US Congress, only its provisions and not the US law would govern the rights and obligations of the contracting parties.
In response to the Left concerns, government also claimed it had 'ensured' that it would not be placed in a situation similar to the one experienced by the Tarapur nuclear power plant when the US had stopped fuel supplies.
The Left leaders are, however, not happy with the latest response of the government, saying it was nothing new.
In fact, veteran Marxist leader Jyoti Basu said in Kolkata that he had told Mukherjee the Left cannot compromise on the nuclear deal. CPI leader D Raja has also warned that the government cannot have the Left parties on board if it wanted to clinch the deal.
The Left parties have expressed apprehension over whether India would enjoy uninterrupted nuclear fuel supply as the Hyde Act had 'ignored' all fuel supply assurances made in the Separation Plan.
They also felt that the Nuclear Suppliers' Group (NSG) would have to take into account the US national law. As a fallout of the operationalisation of the nuclear deal, the Left feels India's reprocessing right would become subject to amendment by American laws.
However, the government feels the Hyde Act was a legislation meant only to enable exemption from certain requirements of the US Atomic Energy Act of 1954. The Act was applicable to the US and not on other NSG countries, it said.
On the Left parties questioning the requirement of annual certification by US President saying its nomenclature has just been changed to assessment, government said while certification could amount to constrain nuclear cooperation, assessment was an internal exercise of US government without any operational impact on the cooperating party.
However, as per prevailing indications, differences between Left parties and the UPA over the Indo-US nuclear deal seem irreconcilable with the hard posturing by the former. CPM has said it would 'watch' if the government stayed the operationalisation of the deal.
Suicide squad to stop Reliance Fresh outlets in Orissa
Traders and roadside vendors opposed to opening of Reliance Fresh outlets in Orissa on Saturday formed a "suicide" squad, vowing to die fighting rather than starving. On the other hand,The shopping spree will have to take a back seat to politics — at least for now. Reliance Retail is all set to strike back against the political bosses of Uttar Pradesh. The company, which has become the first big victim of opposition to organised retail, is said to have put on hold its plan to open 130 Reliance Fresh outlets across Delhi, UP and Uttarakhand.
Besides, to send a strong message home to the political masters of Uttar Pradesh, the company has also decided to down shutters in the state. The message is loud & clear: The state government needs to realise that loss of employment will have bad repercussions for everyone. So is there a meltdown in the offing? Doesn’t look like — at least not for now.

"As many as 100 youths today joined the squad as they prefer to die while fighting rather than facing starvation," All-Orissa Roadside Vendors and Small Shop Owners Association president Pratap Sahu said.
Sources said the vendors formed the suicide squad soon after a tripatite meeting of Reliance executives, district administration and the traders body, presided over by the additional district magistate B Jena, failed to take any decision on opening of Reliance Fresh outlets.
After the meeting, Khurda district magistrate N Jena told PTI that the local administration had apparently no role in the matter.
Reliance Retail sacks 400 in West Bengal

Reliance Retail, a subsidiary of Reliance Industries, has sacked 400 staff in West Bengal after it inability to start retail operations here due to stiff opposition from some political parties and local traders.
A source in Reliance Retail said the company has terminated the services of 400 people and another 300 may be given the pink slip soon.
The development in West Bengal comes on the heels of the company facing similar protests from traders and political parties in Orissa and Uttar Pradesh. The company is understood to have put its plans in Uttar Pradesh in the cold storage, and is also believed to be rethinking its strategy in Orissa.
The company had hired about 800 people in West Bengal for staffing Reliance Fresh outlets which were to come up in and around Kolkata.
The company felt that due to the strong opposition by some political parties it was not possible to open the stores here. Recently activists hailing from BJP ransacked a store in the Burrabazar area. Since then the company had decided to go slow in starting its retail operations.
Although the state government thought of providing police protection to run the store, the source said it was not possible to run retail stores under cops vigil.
The company had originally planned to invest Rs 2,000 crore in developing the agri-retail network in West Bengal.
Missing Children
Left Front-ruled West Bengal accounts for the bulk of missing children in India — a staggering 60 per cent according to official statistics.

The federal government's National Crime Records Bureau (NCR has revealed that out of 3,916 minor girls and boys went missing in 2006, as many as 2,529 were from West Bengal whose communist administration claims that it gives top priority to protecting children from traffickers.
Experts say that while 77 per cent of trafficked minors are forced into prostitution, 23 per cent end up as domestic or factory workers.
Significantly, 2006 witnessed a 100 per cent increase in the number of children who went missing in West Bengal. And in 2004 there were only 579 such cases.
West Bengal districts with substantive Muslim populations like Malda, Murshidabad, South 24 Parganas and North 24 Parganas, where poverty is rampant account for the vast majority of missing children.
Child rights acivists in West Bengal believe that NCRB figures are only the tip of the iceberg as most cases of missing children go unreported in the state for various reasons.
Sanctifying mass destruction

PRAFUL BIDWAI
The toxic terms of discourse of the nuclear debate have insidiously intruded into the public’s mind and distorted its moral perspective.
WHATEVER the final fate of the India-United States nuclear deal, it is undeniable that the media-driven debate over it has had a profound impact on public consciousness. Thus, not just television anchors, but even college students, are mouthing phrases like the “historic opportunity” (the agreement offers to India to become a world power) through a “strategic partnership” with the U.S., and promoting India’s “national interest” (w hich self-evidently lies in superpowerdom and in containing China) and “energy security” via nuclear power development (as if there were no alternatives) .
One notion that is rapidly becoming part of middle-class commonsense is that the deal undoes the iniquitous technology-denial sanctions imposed on India since the 1970s and rewards it as a “responsible” nuclear weapons state (NWS), or, as the July 2005 agreement put it, “a responsible state with advanced nuclear technology”.
“Responsible” nuclear weapons state? Can this be anything but an oxymoron? NWSs not only possess the ability to kill millions of non-combatant civilians instantly but are prepared and willing to use th at capability in cold blood. Indeed, they make their security dependent upon keeping scores of these weapons of terror ready to be fired at short notice.
All NWSs, regardless of intent or the size and lethality of their arsenals, and despite their professed faith in nuclear deterrence, have doctrines for the actual use of nuclear weapons to incinerate whole cities — that is, to commit unspeakably repulsive and condemnable acts of terrorism against unarmed civilians. The world’s greatest terrorist act was not the Twin Towers attack (which killed 3,600 people), but Hiroshima (where 140,000 perished).
Yet, those who erase this terrible, yet fundamental, truth from their consciousness still justify the idea that India is a “responsible nuclear power”. They advance six claims in support. First, India has an impeccable non-proliferation record and has never diverted civilian nuclear materials to military use or participated in clandestine nuclear commerce. Second, India practises exemplary nuclear restraint through its “minimum deterrence” doctrine and its policy of no-first-use.
Third, India has always responded positively to, if not advocated, proposals for non-discriminatory and equal treaties for arms control and disarmament. Fourth, India’s foreign policy orientation is strongly multilateralist; New Delhi rejects collusive bilateral agreements in favour of multilateral, universal treaties leading to disarmament. This derives from the view that the nuclear threat/danger is global.
A fifth claim is that India abhors any policy or action that will start or aggravate a nuclear arms race, especially in its neighbourhood. It has not triggered such a race and will never do so. Finally, India is a peaceful, mature, stable and law-abiding democracy, which respects human rights and can be trusted to act with restraint – unlike, say, Pakistan.
All these claims are questionable, if not altogether specious. True, India has never run an A.Q. Khan-style “nuclear Wal-Mart” or willingly proliferated nuclear technology. But, India has been an active proliferant and has participated in clandestine as well as open nuclear commerce with a host of countries to develop its military and civilian programmes.
Right from its very first nuclear reactor, Apsara, to the latest pair under construction (at Koodankulam) , India has bought, borrowed and both overtly and covertly procured nuclear technology, equipment or material from states as varied as the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and later Russia, France, China, and even Norway.
The basic design of its mainline power generator is Canadian – the pressurised heavy water reactor named CANDU (Canada Deuterium Uranium). India’s very first power reactors, at Tarapur, were donations from the U.S. Agency for International Development and were executed as a turnkey job by General Electric and Bechtel. The much-touted Fast Breeder Test Reactor, the only such reactor to operate in India, was developed with French assistance.
India used spent fuel from CIRUS (Canada-India Research Reactor, to which the U.S. supplied heavy water, adding to the acronym) for military purposes by reprocessing plutonium from it. This was used in the 1974 Pokhran blast. CIRUS was designed and built by the Canadians.
http://www.hinduonn et.com/fline/ stories/20070921 505011800. htm
Pakistan's Proxy War
The complexity of sorting out allies and adversaries in the war on terrorism.
by Thomas Joscelyn
11/03/2006 12:00:00 AM

TWO SENIOR AMERICAN INTELLIGENCE OFFICIALS met with India's foreign secretary last week. While the meeting received scant attention in the States, it was big news in India. According to Indian press accounts, the role Pakistan's intelligence service (the ISI) played in the July 11, 2006 Mumbai train bombings, which killed roughly 200 people, was one of the subjects discussed.
That India implicated Pakistan in the bombings is no surprise. Senior Indian officials have repeatedly tied the 7/11 bombings to the ISI. Prime Minister Manmohan Singh recently told reporters that there was "credible evidence" implicating the ISI. India's National Security Advisor offered a more nuanced account. M K Narayanan explained: "I would be hesitant to say we have clinching evidence. There are pieces in the puzzle missing, but I would say we do have petty good evidence [of ISI involvement]."
The ISI has used Islamist terrorists as part of its proxy war against India for decades. But it was hoped that peace talks with India would provide Pakistan with an incentive to limit, if not altogether close down, the operations of terrorists targeting India and Indian assets in Kashmir. If the 7/11 plot is conclusively traced back to the ISI, it would signal that there is little hope of Pakistan reining in terrorism.
For its part, Pakistan has denied any role in the bombings, dismissing the allegations as "propaganda." The Pakistani government also recently reaffirmed its commitment to a peace accord with India. But these matters are not nearly as clear cut

as Pakistan's diplomatic pronouncements. It may be the case that the upper echelon of the Pakistani government, including President Musharraf, had no prior knowledge of, or direct role in, the Mumbai attack. Musharraf was quick to condemn it. But the ISI has long operated as a state within a state. It is possible that the ISI could have directed the attack without Musharraf's explicit endorsement. It is also possible, however, that Musharraf simply looked the other way on the ISI's activities, thereby giving the operation his implicit endorsement.
In either case, the intelligence collected on the ISI's alleged role in the bombing is vitally important to America's "war on terror."

PAKISTAN'S SUPPORT for America's war has been uneven. On the one hand, Musharraf's government has helped track down dozens of high-value al Qaeda operatives, interrupted terrorist attacks against Western targets (such as the plot to down more than one dozen airliners flying out of London earlier this year), and struck suspected terrorist training facilities inside Pakistan. On the other hand, Pakistan has effectively ceded control of North Waziristan to the Taliban and al Qaeda and released more than 2,500 Taliban and al Qaeda members from jail.
This duplicity may be explained, at least in part, by the ISI's continued desire to use al Qaeda's allies in its proxy war against India. Over the past several weeks, Indian authorities have publicly exposed Pakistan's hand in a variety of clandestine activities. For instance, a high-ranking Pakistani diplomat was expelled under suspicions of espionage. Pakistani efforts to infiltrate the Indian military have been exposed. On October 27, Indian authorities announced that two terrorists with ties to a well-known Pakistani terrorist group were arrested while plotting attacks.
http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/012/885jdehj.asp
Counter Proxy War
Afghanistan marked an important landmark in the evolution of covert action techniques. It was a proxy war, partly overt, partly covert, to make the Soviet troops bleed through the use of surrogates, without the direct involvement of US troops.

Conscious encouragement of religious fanaticism was for the first time used as a covert action tool in the Afghanistan war. Whereas the past covert actions of the Western intelligence agencies were projected in ideological terms (democracy vs Communism), those in Afghanistan were projected in religious terms (Islam vs Communism). Jehad was brought out of the closet of medieval times and sought to be used against the evil empire of Communism, without a careful examination of its long-term implications for peace and stability in the world.
In their eagerness to take full advantage of the entrapment of the Soviet troops in Afghanistan, the Western intelligence agencies reverted to the pre-1970s concepts, which viewed any means as good means for achieving a national security objective. Even the production and smuggling of heroin were encouraged to make the proxy-war at least partly self-financing and to promote addiction amongst Soviet troops.
As a result of these ill-advised actions, Islamic jehad has become a multi-headed hydra, striking here, striking there and striking everywhere and no country, which has a sizeable Muslim population, has been able to escape its ravages. The Islam vs Communism clash has been replaced by an Islam vs Christianity, Judaism and Hinduism clash.
http://www.subcontinent.com/sapra/research/terrorism/terrorism20010911b.html
SAPRA INDIA: Terrorism Issues: Counter Proxy War
It was a proxy war, partly overt, partly covert, to make the Soviet ... Pakistan's objective of debilitating the Indian State, which is the driving force behind its proxy war, is not of recent ...
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Index of Military Articles
... an article (the "International Herald Tribune" of June 16) on Pakistan's proxy invasion of Indian ... to force a Pakistani pullback. It was also responsible for bringing the war to the average Indian ...
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II. Sources of Weapons for Militias in Punjab and Kashmir
http://www.hrw.org/campaigns/kashmir/1994/kashmir94-02.htm
India has long accused the government of Pakistan of directly supplying weapons, as well as other forms of military support, to militants in Punjab and Kashmir. Most long-time observers of the region concur.(5) Both Sikh and Kashmiri militant leaders have acknowledged as much,(6) and many of the weapons used by militants in both states clearly were acquired in Pakistan. Nevertheless, there are many complexiti

Indian Polity has become a part of the Ram Soap Opera
Palash Biswas
Contact: Palash C Biswas, C/O Mrs Arati Roy, Gosto Kanan, Sodepur, Kolkata- 700110, India. Phone: 91-033-25659551
Email: palashbiswaskl@gmail.com
Myth, Legend, History, Religion and Politics- everything seems to be the part of Ramayan. Indian Polity has become a part of the Ram Soap Opera.
Noted journalist and Raman Magsaysay award winner P Sainath today said inequality in India is growing faster than software or Information Technology. The Supreme Court has warned the courts in the country to be cautious and not to show any sympathy or compassion towards the employees indulging in acts of indiscipline and disrupting the work through prolonged strikes. Finance Minister P Chidambaram will formally launch the Life Corporation of India's (LIC) scheme 'aam adami bima yojna' on the birth anniversary of the Father of the Nation Mahatma Gandhi, official sources said today.
The ruling DMK front in Tamil Nadu today suffered a major setback with the Supreme Court restraining them from going ahead with the state-wide bandh tomorrow on the Sethusamudram project issue.Holding a rare sitting on a Sunday, a Bench of Acting Chief Justice B N Aggrawal and P P Naolekar ordered that the DMK and its allies shall not go ahead with the bandh either on October 1 or any other date, as the bandh per se was illegal and unconstitutional in view of the apex court’s earlier ruling on the validity of bandhs.The apex court passed the direction on an "urgent application" filed by the opposition AIADMK along with its special leave petition seeking an injunction against the bandh.Describing the Supreme Court`s order staying the tomorrow`s bandh called by the ruling DMK in Tamil Nadu as `a greatest victory of the people`, AIADMK supremo Jayalalithaa tonight demanded the dismissal of his government for "disrespecting" the apex court and its "unconstitutional" actions.
Amid the raging controversy over Ram Setu, a group of RSS members, led by its Tamil Nadu state organiser Vaikuntan visited the site off the coast and offered pooja for the ''victory'' of the VHP-supported Ram Setu Protection Committee in its mission.The RSS members, numbering around 25 and including ten women, travelled by a private boat to the Ram Setu or Adam's Bridge, officials said.The government did not allow any person belonging to Hindu organizations or any other political party which opposed causing damage to the Ram Sethu to the site since work on the Setusamudram Ship Canal Project started.The dredging work in the Ram Setu area had been stopped recently in the wake of the Supreme Court on August 31 putting on hold demolition of the mythical bridge situated south-east off this pilgrim town.
Seeking to contain the political furore over the Ram Setu issue, the Government is setting up an internal mechanism to look into the details of the controversial Sethusamudram project.
"In continuation of the prompt and expeditious action already taken by the Congress and the Government in rectifying the original affidavit, an internal mechanism is also now being set up to look into several technical and other details of the Ram Setu project," Congress spokesperson Abhishek Singhvi told reporters today.
"It is thus obvious that unlike other parties playing politics on this issue, the Congress takes solid, concrete steps in public interest while respecting personal beliefs and sentiments," he said.
Asked to elaborate on the mechanism, he said the details were being worked out.
The proposed committee could have ten members and Law Minister H R Bharadwaj is believed to be holding consultations with all concerned before the next hearing on the issue in the Supreme Court.
Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M Karunanidhi has toned down his critical remarks against Lord Ram, which created a national furore even leading to a 'fatwa' being issued against him, by stating that he was not against the Hindu God. Karunanidhi took strong exception to the Bharathiya Janata Party’s demand for dismissal of the Tamil Nadu Government. CPI(M)'s polit bureau member M K Pandhe today said in Kolkata that the Supreme Court had overstepped its juridiction by ruling against the DMK sponsored strike in Tamil Nadu on Sethusamudram issue. Defence Minister A K Antony has directed his ministry to ''urgently'' look into the demand for posting the Coast Guard around the Ram Sethu in Rameswaram in Tamil Nadu. To spread awareness among people on the Ram Sethu issue, the Hindu organisations have chalked an action plan for the selection of 'Dharamyodhas' . The DMK says it will observe a hunger strike on Monday but not many people are buying that thought. Many believe party workers will still find a way to enforce the bandh.While,the Vishwa Hindu Parishad today hailed the Supreme Court order staying the ruling DMK-front's statewide bandh slated for tomorrow on the Sethusamudram issue, and lashed out at the Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M Karunanidhi for 'blackmailing' by resorting to fasting. Terming the agitation to protect the Ram Sethu as a 'non-political' move, Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP) general secretary Praveen Togadia today said they expected all the political parties to come forward and save the undersea bridge. Meanwhile,Senior BJP leader Venkaiah Naidu today claimed that mid-term elections looked a certainty and would take place before March next year. Congress President Sonia Gandhi will attend the the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) session in New York on October 2 when Mahatma Gandhi's birthday will be formally declared as "International Day of Peace and Non-Violence". Making it clear that the party was looking for certain 'concessions' over the Indo-US nuclear deal to put the sword in cover, CPI(M) patriarch Jyoti Basu today reiterated that the fate of the UPA government depended on the outcome of the two joint committee meetings next month.
Janta Party President Subrhamanyam Swami will be spearheading the Vishwa Hindu Parishad's people's awareness programme to protect Ram Sethu."Vishwa Hindu Parishad has decided to hold series of public meetings and march across over four lakh villages to get support of every Hindu so as to expose the central government for neglecting the existence of Ram Sethu," said Shailendra Tripathi, assistant co-ordinator of Rameshwaram Ram Sethu Raksha Manch.Swami, during his visit to the city, will address a meeting of advocates before holding a public meeting at BNSD Sikhsa Niketan, Tripathi said.
The programme is scheduled to begin here from October 3.
With Ramar Sethu (Adam’s Bridge) issue in the eye of a political storm, the 48-km bridge has become a tourist attraction and a must see destination for those who come to the island.

Visitors engage jeeps to reach Dhanushkodi from here as road connectivity had lost in the 1964 cyclone. From there, they will hire country crafts to reach the sand dunes.

Ever since the NASA came out with the picture of Ramar Sethu, pilgrims and tourists who visit this island are eager to see the Sethu. But after protests over the Sethusamudram canal project, it has become very popular.

“In the early 19th century, people used to go up to Ramar Sethu to perform rites for their forefathers. The practice was stopped and pilgrims offered pooja at Dhanushkodi or Arichalmunai, the confluence of Indian Ocean (Gulf of Mannar) and Bay of Bengal (Palk strait). Now pilgrims are eager to see the bridge, believed to be constructed by Lord Ram, said Athi, a hotelier here, who is also owns a fishing boat.

“The visitors do not mind spending money, but they want to see what they think is more than 17,000-year-old structure,” another hotelier said.

Ramar Sethu had been used by people of Ramanathapuram district and Sri Lanka to cross the sea till 15th century. But as the sea level increased, a part of it had become deeper and people could not cross.

Following increase in the number of tourists and pilgrims, the jeep fare from here to Dhanushkodi had increased from Rs 700 to Rs 1,000 for a trip, Krishna Gupta, a visitor to the Dhanushkodi said. He also wanted the government to regulate the jeep operation to Dhanushkodi.

Though there was a ban to visit Ramar Sethu following the dredging work for the project and movement of refugees from Sri Lanka, officials are not strict now.

"We welcome the Supreme Court's judgement. Ram Setu and Rameshwaram are matters of Hindu faith. No political party should be allowed to make an issue out of it," VHP International General Secretary Praveen Togadia said here. Lashing out at the DMK patriarch, Togadia said, "By deciding to go on fast, he is now resorting to blackmail. He is interested only in his political agenda even if it is fulfilled at other people's cost".
"Karunanidhi, by his 'derogatory references to Lord Rama', had already shown his apathy towards Hindu sentiments," Togadia said adding that his insistence upon the speedy completion of the Sethusamudram project only proves that he does not even care for the poor fishermen of his state.
"Scientists have repeatedly warned that demolition of the Ram Setu will make the sea, along the southern coast, much more turbulent which would threaten livelihoods there," the VHP leader said. He also demanded an apology from the Tamil Nadu CM for "the insensitivity he has shown towards Hindu masses and nearly four lakh fishermen of his own state".
“That’s the problem in this country. We have to deal everything with an iron hand in this country. Otherwise, things will not work. Every organ, let it be the legislature, executive or judiciary, has to deal with an iron hand," the apex court observed.The three-hour arguments that preceded the direction was laced with scathing and stinging remarks from the Bench which minced no words in expressing its strong displeasure on the very concept of bandh and the perceived defiance of law by the citizens in the country, not to mention the political parties.Recalling that the apex court had in 1998 clearly upheld the ruling of a Full Bench of the Kerala High Court that calling or enforcing a bandh was illegal and unconstitutional, the Bench regretted that orders of the courts were being violated with impunity in the country.

“We have come to this stage in the country that everything has to be monitored, hammered or directed by courts. Even orders of the Supreme Court are not observed, what to talk of the High Courts. Ninety-nine per cent of the High Court orders are not complied with," the Supreme Court said.

The apex court rejected arguments of senior counsel Altaf Ahmed and A K Ganguly appearing for Tamil Nadu and the DMK that the October 1 protest programme was not a bandh call but rather a ‘hartal’.

“If it is a bandh, then it is a breakdown of the Constitutional machinery. Your own resolution says that the programme on October 1 is intended to ensure complete cessation of all activities. Then how can you say it is not a bandh?" the Bench grilled the Tamil Nadu counsel.

The Bench brushed aside the claims of the state and the DMK that what was essentially intended was a public meeting.

“Where is the public meeting you show us. Your resolution says it is cessation of all activities and work. You want to show your popularity. Why do you want to close down all educational institutions and commercial activities? Where will you then find the people for your meetings?" the apex court asked in a sarcastic tone.
The Mayawati government in Uttar Pradesh Sunday sacked another 7,400 policemen, citing irregularities in their appointment by the previous regime - taking to a staggering 17,000 the number of police personnel fired in recent weeks. A Jat congregation organised in Jaipur today by Rajasthan Jat Mahasabha favoured floating of a viable third alternative to keep the ruling BJP and the Congress at bay. More than 11,000 doctors, engineers, agriculture and forestry graduates are awaiting jobs in Jammu and Kashmir despite the employment of about 40,000 youth under different categories since the Congress-led government assumed office in the state.
May 05, 2003 : New evidence suggests a Muslim habitation pre-dating Babar, adds new twists to Ramjanmabhoomi maze. POORNIMA JOSHI, SUTAPA MUKHERJEE wrote: (http://bitterfact.tripod.com/india/ayodhya_evidence1.html)
Two graves and a pre-Mughal Muslim habitation in holy 'Ramjanmasthan'? Archaeologists excavating at Ayodhya on the orders of the Allahabad High Court have till date found no indication of a temple at the disputed site.
But, much to the frustration of the Hindutva parivar, they have discovered two graves and evidence clearly pointing to the presence of Muslim habitation much before Babar arrived on the scene.
On April 20, the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) came across two graves—the first in trench number F9 and the second stretching from the separation wall of F9 to the adjacent E9 trench towards the south of the makeshift temple. The graves, in fact, have been unearthed in the area where there were hopes of finding the grand 82-pillar Ram temple that Babar is alleged to have demolished to build the mosque in 1528.
"The two are distinctly Muslim graves with the head facing west. Apart from the two skeletons in the F9 trench, there are clear signs of more graves in the G9 trench that the ASI has not excavated further," says Dr S. Z.A. Jaffri of Delhi University, appointed by the court as observer at the excavation site. He stresses, though, that the historicity of the graves can be confirmed only by proper analysis—which the ASI has not done so far.
"The graves are below the mosque floor.

The ASI officials, in their conservative estimates, have dated them only at 150 years old. It would be much earlier than that. Coupled with the other evidence in the area—the Lakhauri bricks used as construction material (pre-Mughal era), lime mortar as cementing material, bones with cut marks and glazed ware belonging to the early medieval era (9th to 14th century AD)—one can say there's evidence of a Muslim settlement in the area before Babar's time. The ASI should send the samples from the graves for carbon-dating so that we can be sure," says Jaffri.
Another observer from the archaeology department, Delhi University, points out that graves had been noticed in the area earlier too. "There were overt indications of graves in some trenches but they were not excavated. Now that they have found graves in trench F9, it's crucial to examine them considering that there is also other evidence to strongly indicate Muslim habitation in the area when Babar arrived here," says the observer.
The items discovered in the 40 days of digging by the ASI team clearly point to a Muslim habitation as early as 13th to 14th century. Several eminent archaeologists have now openly started voicing doubts on whether the excavations can bring forth any credible evidence pointing to the existence of a temple.
"There's no question of finding a temple there. I have been saying it repeatedly. They seem to be still excavating in the Indo-Islamic period and the evidence so far suggests a Muslim habitation," says former ASI director M.C. Joshi.
Archaeologist Suraj Bhan of the Kurukshetra University agrees with Joshi and says the claim of finding the grand temple now seem completely unfounded. "If there was a temple of that size, its existence would have been confirmed by now. They would have found pillars, sculptures or the foundation. Instead, what they have come across are signs of a very poor Muslim settlement," says Bhan.
The findings have led to the Hindu claimants questioning the significance of the evidence."It cannot help the Muslims in the main issue. Bones have no antiquity value for archaeologists in this case as we are looking for structures," says Madan Mohan Pande who represents the vhp's Mahant Ramchandra Paramhans of the Digambar Akhara in the dispute.

How the Hindutva Agenda is being implemented with tampering the history, just see:
In june, 1998, The Indian Ministry for Human Resource Development replaced 18 Marxist historians of the Indian Council of Historical Research (whose terms were up) with scholars who support the existence of a Rama temple in Ayodhya. The Hindutva logic was:Leftists in India are commonly Hindu-bashing and attempt to distort history. They were understandably upset at losing one of their greatest sources of government patronage and academic power in India. After the ICHR chair-shuffling was over, Lal, former Director General of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), was condemned by leftists as "communal" because he supports the view that a Rama temple once existed at the site of Babri Masjid, Ayodhya, and that the Aryan invasion theory is a myth.See this article titled, `He's Re-Righting History’, published in Hinduism today, November 1998:
A negative editorial in The Hindu newspaper titled "Tampering with History" suggested a "disturbing effort to undermine the scientific temper that must preempt historical inquiry." The editor said Lal faltered in three ways: 1) that Lal's earlier conclusion said there was no evidence to suggest "historicity" of the Ramayana; 2) that Lal refuses to hand over field diaries to the ASI and open them to fellow archaeologists; and 3) Professor Lal claims to possess "clinching" evidence the Babri Masjid mosque stood on the ruins of a Hindu temple, but doesn't substantiate this claim with excavation facts.
Within ten days Lal issued a full rebuttal letter. "To the first allegation," he wrote, "let me make it absolutely clear that at no point in time did I ever say there was no evidence about the 'historicity' of the Ramayana. In 1988 the ICHR organized a seminar in Delhi at which I presented a 60-page paper entitled Historicity of the Mahabharata and Ramayana: What Has Archaeology to Say? Finding in it something counter to their views, the (leftist) ICHR authorities at the time withheld publication. In 1993 came my first report of the 'Archaeology of Ramayana Sites' project. In it I categorically restated, 'Combined evidence from five sites excavated under the project shows there did exist a historical basis for the Ramayana.'"
To the allegation that he is withholding documents from the Archaeological Survey of India, Lal writes, "The Survey is already the custodian of all the documents, including the field diaries, plans, photos and the entire excavated material." To the third allegation, Lal gives a more detailed response, due to its importance to the whole country (thousands died in 1992 communal riots over demolition of the Babri Masjid).
Excavations in Ayodhya were originally undertaken to compare Ayodhya's antiquity with other sites in the Ramayana story. But as work progressed, they took on deeper meaning. A trench dug next to the Masjid boundary revealed parallel rows of pillar-foundations lying near the mosque. Affixed to the piers of the Masjid were pillar-shafts carved with Hindu Gods and Goddesses. Deity-carvings on pillars used as foundation material in a mosque? Lal couldn't help but wonder if this meant a Hindu temple once stood on this same site.
Lal knew that real confirmation required excavation in the Masjid floor area, but other historians resisted it. That obstacle fell with the now famous and unfortunate Masjid demolition in 1992. Within the walls torn down by the mob much archaeological material was found. Especially crucial were three stone inscriptions, the largest (see photo left) of which Professor Ajaya Mitra Shastri of Nagpur University translated. His report says, "The inscription was evidently put up on the temple wall, the construction of which is recorded in the inscribed text. Line 15, for example, tells us that a beautiful temple of Vishnu-Hari, 'built with heaps of stone' and 'beautified with a golden spire unparalleled by any other temple built by earlier kings, was constructed. This temple was built in the city of Ayodhya.'" This inscription speaks for itself. It's clear a twelfth-century temple was destroyed and some of its parts incorporated by Muslims in the mosque.
So what happens next? Why is Lal's response to The Hindu's editorial crucial? Before the Majid was demolished, a debate raged as to whether the mosque was sitting on the ruins of a Rama temple. Now, with overwhelming evidence that it was, millions of Hindus want to know when the temple will be re-constructed (a project already under way, sponsored by the Vishwa Hindu Parishad), and how it can be done without offending Muslims. Further violence must be avoided.
http://www.hinduismtoday.com/archives/1998/11/1998-11-20.shtml

A 'bridge' in troubled waters
By Vinita Bharadwaj, Special to Gulf News
Published: September 21, 2007, 00:17
For nearly a week now, India's politicians have been dropping quotes not worth quoting and the Indian media have happily magnified them creating issues instead of reporting on them.
Anyone watching or following the developments of the Sethu Samudram project, would have noted with disgust the statements, their retractions, the counter-statements that have boiled down into this large debate - yet again - on religion vs rationale.
That India's politicians thrive on religious divides is no state secret. But, it's mighty disappointing that the media is not only abetting the irresponsible statements of its political men and women, but also completely overlooking an important angle of the project.
The Sethu Samudram is the stretch of sea separating Sri Lanka from one of India's southernmost states, Tamil Nadu. The sea is fairly shallow with a depth of less than 12 metres. In 2005, the Sethu Samudram Shipping Canal Project was launched. The project includes plans to develop three fisheries and a shipping harbour. It is also expected to reduce the travel time and distance of ships from West India to East India as they would no longer have to go around Sri Lanka. Oh yes, and apparently it would also provide extra maritime security for Tamil Nadu.
Now, the Sethu Samudram, also happens to include Ram's Bridge, which is held sacred by many Hindus and the implementation of the project would mean a physical destruction of the bridge, but also a spiritual denial of a religious figure, which has already taken place and created rifts in some circles.
While the newspapers and TV people have gone all out to question the relevance of faith in the 21st century, hardly any have touched upon the real merits and demerits of such a project on its people in the 21st century.
What should actually be an open forum on the project's impact on the ecology and livelihoods of the residents of the region has conveniently been ignored to drum up divisions on religious and regional grounds.
Environmentalists cite the examples of Hurricane Katrina in the United States and the Aral Sea in the former USSR's Central Asia region as testimony to an undesired impact on tampering with existing geo-hydrological systems.
According to the ecologically concerned, the construction of flood-control levees in the Louisiana wetlands was one of the many factors that worsened the devastating impact of Katrina.
As for the Aral Sea, it was once one of the largest fresh-water bodies in the world. However, the former Soviet authorities wanted to divert the Amu Darya River that fed the sea. The plan was to grow rice, cereal and mainly cotton in the semi-desert region. The consequence of the diversion? Today, the Aral Sea has shrunk drastically. It has been drying up for almost 50 years and created a number of environmental problems for the region.
Coming back to the Sethu Samudram project - faith, beliefs and opinions aside - it does not find favour with the environmentalist and ecologist types. Some media space was given to their concerns about the impact it would have on the Olive Ridley turtles and other species including already endangered coral reefs.
http://archive.gulfnews.com/articles/07/09/21/10155023.html
And See this:
ONLY PERSONALITY WHO CAN REVIVE AMBEDKARITE REVOLUTION
Gaddar under pressure to lead Budhist movement
http://www.dalitvoice.org/Templates/sep_a2007/reports.htm
A CORRESPONDENT
Hyderabad: Ambedkarite Budhists, deeply worried over the hijacking of Budhism by Brahminical enemies and little progress in conversion movement, are bringing pressure on the revolutionary Maoist leader, Gaddar, who is himself a Dalit and Ambedkarite, to jump into Budhism with millions of his followers.
ENEMY CAPTURES BUDHIST MOVEMENT
They say that Gaddar’s heart is already in Budhism and for a long time he was thinking of quitting Hinduism and going over to Budhism. His father was a follower of Babasaheb and hence he is keen to fulfil Babasaheb’s unfinished mission and guide the Dalits who are already his followers. He is deeply worried that despite 60 years of “independence” his people continue to be slaves of upper castes. Reports about a move to bring him into the Budhist movement comes at a time when both Budhist and Maoist movements are captured by the micro-minority upper castes. No doubt all the “national” parties are also led by the upper castes and this is the very cause of the slow death of these parties. The Congress, the original Brahminical party of India, BJP (appropriately called Brahmana Jati Party in DV) and the Manuwadi marxists are all led by the upper castes who have been fooling the Dalits and Muslims ever since “independence” (1947).
What is much more shocking is that even the Maoist movement (earlier called Naxalite movement) is in the hands of the very same class-caste enemies of the country’s Bahujan masses — namely the SC/ST/BCs and Muslim/Christian/Sikhs.
RISE OF PRACHANDA
The rise of the Brahmin Prachanda in Nepal and his close friendship with India’s Manuwadi Marxists, particularly the Andhra Brahmin, Sitaram Yechuri, has come as a shock to revolutionary forces. The big upper caste reception given to a “terrorist” like Prachanda, when he recently visited Delhi, has shocked the oppressed Indians. This once again proved that the Brahminical forces will embrace even a terrorist if he belongs to their jati.
UPPER CASTES LOVE JATI
The upper castes love for their jati is very well exhibited in Andhra Pradesh.
N.T. Rama Rao and then Chandrababu Naidu built a Khamma (Naidu) empire when they were in power but when Rajshekara Reddy came he tried to demolish the Khamma fortress and started planting his jatwalas in all key positions.
The upper castes only say they hate jati but do everything to promote their jati. When the mere 15% upper castes could become rulers by promoting their jati, the oppressed jatis started thinking on the same lines. Our Editor’s book, Caste — A Nation Within the Nation, elaborates his thesis on “caste identity”.
REDDYS & CHADDIS
That is how the Maoist Party in Jharkhand, Bihar and Chhattisgarh started getting divided on caste lines. That is how a Dalit-led Tritiya Maoist Prastuti Committee was formed in Jharkhand. When upper castes have their own party why not their victims also? The entire Maoist Party cadres are Dalits, Adivasis or OBCs. But the leadership is with a Reddi or a Chaddi — though those killed in police bullets are only our own people. That is why Dalit cadres are breaking away from Prachanda whose dream of becoming President of Nepal stands shattered. He is a frustrated man today.
Brahminical rulers are deeply worried because, as the Editor of Dalit Voice has put it, anything the Brahmins touch is turning mud.
Their own Brahmana Jati Party is on death bed. Even their blue-eyed boy, Modi of Gujarat, is facing caste revolt within his party (DV July 1, 2007 p.9: “Patels declare war on Modi”). Brahmins are deeply worried because Mayawati has broken the back of their jati in the very birthplace of their god Rama.
Our Editor’s “caste identity” thesis is ruining all upper caste parties. To put it in the Editor’s words “caste is killing the casteists. BJP is breaking into pieces because of the caste struggle within the party”.
BRAHMINS SWITCHING TO CONGRESS
The Advani-Vajpayee caste war has vertically split the party. With the Brahmin Vajpayee’s failing health, the Brahmins in the party are thinking of switching over to the Congress (which they say has become a better Brahmin party with Manmohan Singh as PM).
WHY VAIDIKS LOVE MAOISTS?
That is why many secret meetings of the Brahmin terrorist party have been held in different pats of India and information leaking out says the Brahminical people feel that their only salvation lies in Maoist movement which alone has all the potential to attract the angry Bahujans. Already its leadership is in the hands of hard-core Manuwadi Maoists who are promoting the upper caste interests by shedding the blood of the innocent Dalit masses. As a top Maoist leader, Gaddar is well aware of all these developments.
Brahminical journalists in their reports describe him as a balladeer, making light of his contribution as a singer and dancer. But the fact is he is a committed marxist-leninist leader heading the Jana-Natya Mandali which has millions and millions of members and followers. Entire People’s War Group, the former name of the Maoist Party, was built on the sweat and blood of Gaddar. Gaddar is more a thinker and philosopher. He uses singing and dancing to spread his revolutionary message. But the jatiwadi journalists do not say it.
It is not known if Brother Gaddar is inclined to embrace Budhism and lead India’s second Budhist revolution. But what is known is he is deeply worried over the serious split in Andhra Pradesh Dalit movement divided into Malas and Madigas. Though he is a Mala (Mahar), as a true Ambedkarite, he did not oppose the demand of all Dalit castes for proportional share. That is how he is loved and respected by Dalits of all castes — not only in AP but all over India.
His conversion will give a big boost to the limping Dalit movement and the near-stagnant Budhist movement.
CLASS-CASTE STRUGGLE
What is more important is that it will also give a big boost to the Maoist movement by uniting “class struggle” with “caste struggle”. The leaders of the Marxist and Moist movement being Dalits, his jump into Budhism will merge the Maoist “class struggle” with Babasaheb’s “caste struggle” besides saving the Budhist movement from Brahminical counter-revolutionaries

The trend towards loyalism culminated in the persona of the Aga Khan (Sir Sultan Mhd. Shah, b. 1875, Karachi) who aggressively championed allegiance to the British in all it's war efforts (whether in Europe, South Africa or elsewhere), even stating that "If they will only give me the opportunity, I will shed my last drop of blood for the British Empire".
Continuing in the vein of Sir Syed Ahmed, the Aga Khan developed Muslim sectarian and separatist ideas much further by calling for the creation of the All India Muslim League as a political counter-weight and foil to the Congress. He also argued for the establishment of a University that would cater exclusively to the nation's Muslims. In deepening divisions between India's Hindus and Muslims, the Aga Khan could not have served the interests of the British Empire any better and was justly rewarded with great accolades in the British Press and royal circles.
However, not all eminent Muslims adopted a separatist approach. Badruddin Tyabji (b. 1844), who became President of the Indian National Congress in 1887 won the support of Indian industrialists when he argued against the abolition of import duties on cotton goods in 1879. A liberal reformer, he encouraged modern education for India's Muslims, and the lifting of Purdah for Muslim women when he became Secretary (and later President) of the Anjuman-i-Islam in Bombay in 1880 . In 1883, he campaigned to seek equal rank for Indians employed in British-run Indian administrative services.
Tyabji was succeeded by Sir Pherozeshah Mehta (b. 1845) who headed the Congress in 1889. Like Tyabji, Pherozeshah Mehta also fought for equality for Indians in the colonial administration, and resisted European domination of the Indian University system, taking up the cudgels against Lord Curzon (who had won the editorial backing of the pro-colonial Times of India in his attempts at furthering the British domination of the Indian education system). Yet, Pherozeshah Mehta also repeatedly expressed his opposition to more radical nationalism and strived hard to keep the Congress on a loyalist track. The election of Mohd. Sayani (who had previously stayed aloof from the Congress) as President in 1896 underlined the loyalist hold on the Congress.
Sayani had been an ardent admirer of the British

The Brahminical Hegemony has ousted us from geopolitics of humanity and we have no homeland. No civil rights. No Human rights.
My work is not targeted to get a doctorate. I am sieged in War. My first reaction is to encounter the Enemy with his own Weapons!
Tampering of History is Unilateral as We never go beyond the brahminical barriers of Aesthetics and Authentification!
Palash Biswas
Contact: Palash C Biswas, C/O Mrs Arati Roy, Gosto Kanan, Sodepur, Kolkata- 700110, India. Phone: 91-033-25659551
Email: palashbiswaskl@gmail.com
Dear sir,
Your articles are very informative. Thanks for that.
But to be useful, to be quoted in reports etc., it is necessary to quote the source. Who, where, whom etc are the questions to be addressed. The paper, magazine, name date page numbers, URLs etc. are essential. Also each item needs to be separated from the rest.
Also if you could give your own identifiable number to each item, it becomes convenient to refer at a later date.
Thanks
Dr. K. Jamanadas
Sept. 27, 2007
Dr jamnadas is one of the most reputed writers whom iread and appreciate often. I am grateful that he reads me and suggests so positively. I agree that thsi must be done.
Tampering of History is Unilateral as We never go beyond the brahminical barriers of Aesthetics and Authentification! My work is not targeted to get a doctorate. I am sieged in War. My first reaction is to encounter the Enemy with his own Weapons!
They claim sophistication and pack their version with galmour, style, skin, flesh, blood, food, drinks, beds, flats, land, position, prize and so on. They have always been master of misinformation. They always translated the myths and legends, imagianary tales into ingredients of history, culture, art and literature and always hold the reins of Power. While killing the masses, the enemies of the system their nonviolence is expressed in the crudest forms of cruelity, merciless annihilation. They happen so sweet in general appearance. While they address the outcastes, subordinates and lower individuals in status, evalute their language! You may understand the language of the upperclasses when you are located within their jurisdiction, simply in a police station in India!
Aganiast Dalits and Muslims they use the most filthy, most Vulgar language. I am sorry to quote such an aweful dispatch just to prove this point,later in this article!
But I have never been a scholor in my life. rather I have been always an activistand this activism is inherited from my father.Though I passed my M.A. in English, I always refrained from quoting anything. I read complete shakespear and got only 36 in shakespearan Tragedy. For me, the Brahminical Hegemony should be broken. Aesthetics, grammer, rhythm and all the disciplines create barriers and ensure the reservation of the elite. For me, while I associated myself with subaltern studies and Refugee dalit Movement, topmost priority is to resist the misinformation campaign whis is maximum with capitalis Boom in Sensex India and Information Explosion as a tool of Zionist Hindu Imperialismworldwide. For me a National dalit Movement is the topmost priority on agenda. While Rural dalit India is victimised, hunted, persecuted and ejected, amidst this environment of genocide and displacement we may not wait to react and do the needed paperwork to be quoted.
For the dalit Bengali Refugees, we have almost nothin as documented. So is the case withthe most of the Balck Untouchable castes, creeds, religions and nationalities. It is the monopoly of literature. Monopoly of information, knowledge, art, culture and society. The Brahminical Hegemony has ousted us from geopolitics of humanity and we have no homeland. No civil rights. No Human rights. Due to time and space crunch , I never use the spell check. I believe in content. Communication. And my target is a worldwide Black untouchable Resistance against Brahminical zionist Galaxy Imperialism! Net is a an alternative media for all of us and it has become at least the one available democratic avenue where they may not dare to stop us!
With Net, the inforamtion highway and TV channels it is War all over against my dipressed persecuted people. I have to react immediately. I have to adjust my stance every moment as superfast bouncers tarets me anytime, anywhere. Since, as the Brahmins have the previlege as every key position particularly those policymaking and executive ones is held by them, they have an army everywhere to do the scholarly work done. they have been doing this for thousands and thousands years. We often afraid of the command of language, aesthetics, grammer and simple beauty of the myths, legends surrender ourselves and do fail to record our version of the history. Thus. tampering the History is unilateral affair as they always killus, our history, our society, culture, motherlanguage, economy, livelihood, everything.
I don`t want to be a silent eyewitness.
Where form they get the informations? Who has the copyright on the versions of truth? Which is ultimate truth?
As net has proveded us open source of knowledge thanks to the unassumed bliss of globalisation. We must use those sources well as our enemies do. Since they are better equipped, numericall thousand and thousand times more powerful, they may afford the sophistication. I can not afford. As I have not to miss any ball! No one is working for our communities. Whoever are on works, are numbered and engaged with scholorly occupation. Since, I am not a scholor at all and I don`t believe in publication houses and name and fame. I never want to be quoted. I only try to present the case of our people very very stronly. It is my topmost priority. I always try to quote URL, agencies, TV cahnnels, writers and so on . But I can not afford to prepares systematic references on the line of research papers. My work is not targeted to get a doctorate. I am in war. My first reaction is to encounter the Enemy with his own Weapons!
Rumi survives for 800 years. But all indigenous roots of Indian dalit marginal society are missing. In Bengal, Charyapada was the base of Bangla nationality as all the poets belonged to outcastes. Do we remember them anymore? How much we know about our ancient or recent literary and artistic heritage other than those which suit this rotten system and proclaimed them by classical. Here, once again, they have the mechanism of downplaying or underplaying. Tagore is the classical case while his works have become the best defence of Bengali brahminical Hegemony. The poet himself was against untouchability and pleaded for dalit leadership in polity and society. No One highlights. I wrote a Book in Hindi and the Manuscript is supressed by a topmost Thakur poet! in bengali, they commercialise Tagore with Ravindra sangeet and Creative Dance but never highlight the subaltern content.
Michael Madhusudan Dutta and Kazi Nazrul Islam are always persecuted and I doubt the survival of these poets. Mangal Kavay in Bengal, Boul tradition and Kavigaan and the folk - everything belong to the outcastes! Would these things survive while the mother language is in danger itself!

"if the sky is not in love, then it will not be so clear. If the sun is not in love, then it will not be giving any light. If the river is not in love, then it will be in silence, it will not be moving. If the mountains, the earth are not in love, then there will be nothing growing."

Rumi, whose 800th birth anniversary falls on Sunday, was born in 1207 in Balkh in Central Asia, now part of Afghanistan

Excerpts from the poetry of
Mevlâna Jalâluddîn Rumi
Versions by Coleman Barks

Say Yes Quickly
Forget your life. Say God is Great. Get up.
You think you know what time it is. It's time to pray.
You've carved so many little figurines, too many.
Don't knock on any random door like a beggar.
Reach your long hands out to another door, beyond where
you go on the street, the street
where everyone says, "How are you?"
and no one says How aren't you?
Tomorrow you'll see what you've broken and torn tonight,
thrashing in the dark. Inside you
there's an artist you don't know about.
He's not interested in how things look different in moonlight.
If you are here unfaithfully with us,
you're causing terrible damage.
If you've opened your loving to God's love,
you're helping people you don't know
and have never seen.
Is what I say true? Say yes quickly,
if you know, if you've known it
from before the beginning of the universe.
Quatrains
For years, copying other people, I tried to know myself.
From within, I couldn't decide what to do.
Unable to see, I heard my name being called.
Then I walked outside.
The breeze at dawn has secrets to tell you.
Don't go back to sleep.
You must ask for what you really want.
Don't go back to sleep.
People are going back and forth across the doorsill
where the two worlds touch.
The door is round and open.
Don't go back to sleep.
From Unseen Rain
Quatrains
Don't let your throat tighten
with fear. Take sips of breath
all day and night. Before death
closes your mouth.
There's no love in me without your being,
no breath without that. I once thought
I could give up this longing, then though again,
But I couldn't continue being human.
From This Longing
Two Kinds of Intelligence
There are two kinds of intelligence: One acquired,
as a child in school memorizes facts and concepts
from books and from what the teacher says,
collecting information from the traditional sciences
as well as from the new sciences.
With such intelligence you rise in the world.
You get ranked ahead or behind others
in regard to your competence in retaining
information. You stroll with this intelligence
in and out of fields of knowledge, getting always more
marks on your preserving tablets.
There is another kind of tablet, one
already completed and preserved inside you.
A spring overflowing its springbox. A freshness
in the center of the chest. This other intelligence
does not turn yellow or stagnate. It's fluid,
and it doesn't move from outside to inside
through the conduits of plumbing-learning.
This second knowing is a fountainhead
from within you, moving out.
Mathnawi IV:1960-1968

From Feeling the Shoulder of the Lion
You Are the Only Student You Have
You are the only faithful student you have.
All the others leave eventually.
Have you been making yourself shallow
with making other eminent?
Just remember, when you're in union,
you don't have to fear
that you'll be drained.
The command comes to speak,
and you feel the ocean
moving through you.
Then comes, Be silent,
as when the rain stops,
and the trees in the orchard
begin to draw moisture
up into themselves.
Mathnawi V:3195-3219
Congress killed Netaji (files)

Netaji

Why is the government relentlessly stonewalling queries about Bose? There are several theories.
Congress killed Netaji files? Why Nehru betrayed Netaji? Where did Gold-Diamond loaded trunks go? Whatdid Janm-Bhoomi editor say? What did Nehru tell UK PM and who were involved in the conspiracy to murder Subhash Chandra Bose, Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukerjee and Lal Bahadur Shastri?
There are hundred and one question, but without a plausible answer. Why? Is the government hiding something?
http://www.jkreporter.com/news_scan.html
Nanavati panel summons phone call details
http://www.khabrein .info/index. php?option= com_content& task=view& id=6832&Itemid= 88
Ahmedabad, Sep 30: The Nanavati-Shah inquiry
commission probing the 2002 Godhra riots Saturday
directed two mobile service providers to give call
details of Gujarat ministers, police officials,
legislators as well as of Chief Minister Narendra Modi
during the sectarian violence.
The call records demanded relate to the period Feb 25
to March 2004. The commission has granted a week's
time to comply with the order.
Read more:
http://www.khabrein .info/index. php?option= com_content& task=view& id=6832&Itemid= 88

"islam sucks" ,islam.suicidebomber at googlemail.com writes with Venom maximum and it shows the maximum effct Islamophobia. The language is quite abusive which is quite a common thing on Net nowasdays. This type of propoganda is another type of Misinforamtion Campaign and cultural shock used by porn mainstream brahminical lietrature and art with greater sophistication! I often encounter so many selfstyled refugee leaders who are worried of demographical changes in Bengal and afraid of Islamisation. One of them a medical practitioner proposed to write a book on these points with the same logic to Defend Taslima Nasrin and sought my endorsement! But this raw matter is the common base against anti Muslim hatred campaign of zionist hindu brahminical intelligentsia. The individual was responding on my article`Puja Market is the latest Hype of Bengali Brahminical Hegemony sidelining Nandigram and Singur ‘. Though I am afraid that the general readership would be offended by the language and the shock, I think it is approprite to make public this instrument of tampering the History. Since this was posted to an email chain, it is not so exclusive. Please bear with me and see the Venom reserved for Muslims and Dalits under this Brahminical Hegemony:
Quote:
`THIS GUy withot any balls called sanum CANNOT DEFEND HIS SO-CALLED pedophile-WORSHIPPING HOAX RELIGION. HE WOULD RATHER ABUSE & CURSE gay jihadis and take up the mullahs prick up his arse.

HERE ARE SOME PERTINENT FACTS ABOUT 'pedophile worshipping jihadis':

- THEY FLY PLANES INTO BUILDINGS BUILT BY KAFIRS
- THEY BUTCHER AND KILL EVERYWHERE THEY GO
- THEY FUCK THEIR OWN MOTHERS AND SISTERS, COS INCEST IS ALLOWED- EVEN THE PEDOPHILE MOHAMMED FUCKED HIS OWN DAUGHTER-IN -LAW COS HE HAD A THING FOR HIS SON'S WIFE & EVERYONE ELSE'S WIFE

-- THEY USED TO BURy, stone, hang, lynch, rape, burn, torture, honour killed THEIR WOMEN whenever their brothers wanted to marry them & if they refused to practise incest . MUSLIM invaders carried on with THIS INHUMAN PRACTICE BY FORCE. (THEY MIGHT STILL BE DOING IT THOUGH.) Shahjahan is a good example of muslim islamic jihadi pedophilia when he used to shag his own daughters jahanara & many others. READ HIS OWN DOCUMENTATION OF HOW HE SHAGGED HIS OWN DAUGHTERS AND HOW HE HAD A BROTHEL OF OVER 5000 SEX SLAVES. THATS WHY HINDU WOMEN PREFERED TO BURN THEMSELVES IN FIRE OTHERWISE THE JIHADI SCUM USED TO DISHONOUR THEIR DEAD BODIES BY SHAGGING THEM EVEN THATS HOW SHIT THESE FUCKING ISLAMIC PIGS BORN FROM ISLAMIC WHORES ARE.

-- AS IT WAS PUBLISHED BY TIMES MAGAZINE, LA TIMES, NY TIMES, AND MANY OTHER US PUBLICATIONS WHICH WE GET HERE IN UK...THAT OLD muslim WIDOW WOMEN ARE KICKED OUT OF THEIR HOMES AND SENT TO A CITY IN THE NORTH, since in islam a woman doesn't have three things : a brother cos they get fucked by their own brothers since incest is allowed by the pig called mohammed; a husband cos the brother can't be the husband, and respect. THESE POOR WIDOWS LOSE THEIR KIDS, HOMES, PROPERTY, AND ARE THROWN IN GHETTOS OF THAT CITY TO DIE MISERABLY. WHAT A SHAME ! but there u go..thats islam for u and the misery that it brings to women.

( They still do in secret in many villages in pakistan. Or when their mothers get old, they let them graze with the pigs in the mosques where they get raped by them also. When a pig is allowed to rape a muslim woman why not let the two legged mullah enjoy the muslim woman along side the pig? )

-- FOR THE LAST MANY YEARS THESE NEWSPAPERS HAVE BEEN REPORTING THAT MANY YOUNG BRIDES ARE BURNED in pakistan TO DEATH BY THEIR GREEDY muslim HUSBANDS, IF THEY FAIL TO BRING BIG DOWERIES. THAT PRACTICE SHOULD BE REPORTED TO THE UN AND FORCEFULLY STOPPED. INTERNATIONAL WOMEN ORGANIZATIONS SHOULD NOTICE, AS THEIR pakistani SISTERS ARE BEING BRUTALIZED .

-- muslim WIDOWS ARE NOT ALLOWED TO REMARRY, they are treated like how islamic women are treated anyway.. in islam a woman is known as a vagina only.. they do not INHERRIT ANY PROPERTY, OR LIVE IN THEIR OWN HOMES, AFTER THEIR HUSBANDS DIE !!! WHAT AN INHUMAN CRUALITY OF SO-CALLED islam RELIGION !! If a man decides to throw the woman out of his house cos her vagina is too lose for him, he decides to bring a younger model in, he announces 'talaq' three times and gets rid of her immediately, but if he wants her again back, she has to get with another strange man for a night and sleep with this other man to get back to her first husband..what is this primitive religion doing to these women who have no respect and status in islam? it truly treats the women like prostitutes.. in islam a man can hire a woman for a minute, two minutes, one hour, maybe a day, to have sex with her under a name called MUTAAH . Pedophilia is also allowed in islam, since their fake prophet was a well known terrorist and pedophile who is still fooling all the jihadis all over the world under this great hoax called islam..bestiality & sodomising of animals is also allowed in islam but if the man comes inside the animal the animal must be butchered and taken home for the family to eat it..

-- THESE muslims CALL pigs AS THEIR fathers cos the biggest pig called mohammed was their father AND THROW THEIR OWN parents OUT OF THEIR SWEET HOMES !

--mullahs ARE CONSIDERED MOST pedophile PEOPLE. THEY TREAT LOWER CLASSES and all infidels AS LESS THAN ANIMALS. EVEN pigs, arabs, pakis, dogs ARE MORE VALUABLES THAN THESE LOW-CAST muslims. UPPER CLASS pakistanis DO NOT SIT OR EAT WITH THESE LOW-CLASS pakistanis. I READ IN AN EMAIL THAT malik had changed his sex cos he was a gay jihadi pedophile hunting & preying for little children over the net and is a member of the gay society and porno sites all over the web.. IS ONE OF THOSE LOWest -CLASSes of humans AS WELL, CALLED 'SHaitaans'.

-- OTHER THAN THEIR STUPID PRACTICES, AS CITED ABOVE, THEY DO NOT HESITATE TO fuck with COWS, pigs, sheep, camels, SNAKES, MONKIES, ELEPHANTS, HAND shags also, AND EVEN their own fathers..hell they fuck their own sisters to produce zombies in straight jackets !!

-- WHILE IN pakistan I HAVE SEEN AND HEARD THAT many muslim WOMEN love sucking the mullahs cut up lunds while another mullah mounts them from the backsides, these things happen inside the lal masjid and thats why they were rioting when they got caught doing these nasty heinous crimes. WHAT AN EXOTIC SCENE WOULD THAT LOOK LIKE !

-- THEY KILLED MILLIONS OF INNOCENT hindus and sikhs DURING 1947 PARTITION.

-- THEY KEEP DESTROYING hindu temples AND CREATING RIOTS TO KILL MORE hindus by bombing them all over india.

-- THEY TOOK OVER what is now known as pakistan but was indian soil and never belonged to the scum, they shamelessly begged for more hindu soil which was JUNA GARH AND KASHMIR ( 110% hindu STATE) BY FORCE IN 1948. THEY want more hindu soil but don't want to go to arabia to lick their slave master's backside shit with their tongues which these pakis are good at only...

-- THESE DIRTY muslims WORSHIP a kid fucking peodphile who fucked ayesha and raped her senseless when she was a baby..he used to put his fat short lund between her baby thighs and come all over them when she was only four years old..now what an exotic sight this must have been. in modern day he would have been admitted to a mental asylum and gassed on an electric chair for committing pedophelia, but yet these fucking jihadi retards who have no balls still keep pushing their smelly stinky arses in the air for this rapist pedophile who should have been castrated when he raped ayesha..,
-- THEIR mecca IS FILLED WITH FILTH. THEY shit IN IT, THEY fuck IN IT, fart around IT, WASH THEIR camels and pigs IN IT, PUT DEAD PEOPLE'S bodies IN IT. CAN YOU BELIEVE HOW SCREWED UP THESE jihadi pedo worshippers ARE?

-- THESE DUMMIES PUT camel's URINE IN THEIR SWEET-MEATS (CANDIES/MITHAAEE) as well as their meat dishes. During ramadan these fuckers don't break their unholy fast until a mullah is called in to spit in their dish so that they can eat his spit with their cooked camel dung... WHEN PEOPLE OBJECT … THE UK GOV'T BANNED THEIR FILTHY PRACTICE !!!

-- FEW YEARS BACK THESE BASTARDS AND THEIR POLICE BURNED ALIVE HUNDREDS OF hindus in pakistan, INCLUDING WOMEN & CHILDREN IN karachi and lahore. POLICE BLOCKED ALL EXITS. BASTARD muslim pakis RAPED hindu WOMEN & GIRLS . THEY ARE CRIMINALS & MUST BE CHARGED OF "WAR CRIMES" !!! they keep raping hindu women inside the indian state of kashmir and have butchered majority of hindus there.

-- HOW CAN ANY ONE CALL THESE PEOPLE AS HUMANS? they are not fit to be subhuman even and they are kids of satan.

THEY EVEN CHOP OFF THEIR OWN BALLS AND THEIR MOTHERS EAT THEM AFTER GIVING BIRTH TO ISLAMIC PIGS COS THEY GET SO HUNGREY. THEY EVEN CHOP OFF WOMEN'S VAGINAS AS IS THE ISLAMIC TRADITION - CHOPPING & KILLING/CUTTING IS ALL ISLAM IS ABOUT - EVEN GENITALS. THEIR MEN ARE PRICKLESS AND THEIR WOMEN DON'T HAVE VAGINAS.

MRs. sanum [fucked up] BUNDMAAR DILDO SHOULD GIVE REASONS AND NOT SEND AROUND CURSES. THAT TELLS US THAT HE/it/she BELONGS TO THE LOWEST OF THE LOW CAST in islamic jihadi race!! EVEN HIS LAST GAY LOVER HIRED HIM THRU MUTAAH AND FIRED HIM FOR ANOTHER GAY HOMO..
AND MOST IMPORTANTLY THE JIHADI LOW DUMB ASS CASTE ALL LOOK LIKE THIS:’
UNQuote:
We have to know the details of the Scindhia Laxmibai Jhalkari Bai saga to understand the phenomenon of tampering the history!
As far as the Scindia's are concerned it is a historical fact that cannot be distorted that when Laxmi Bai reached Gwalior Jivaji Rao Scindia ran away to Agra, and the Gwalior forces mutinied and joined her,'' said Kanhaiya Lal Chaturvedi , Editor, RSS magazine.
And caught on the backfoot by this criticism from the Sangh the BJP says the omission happened because the poem was being serialized.
''This poem is being published in parts, in our next edition if there is place we will publish the next half,'' said Rampal Jat, General Secretary, BJP, Rajasthan.
But the RSS has now demanded that the entire poem, including the references to the Scindia's, should be taught in full form in all schools in Rajasthan and after the Jinnah controversy it looks like the RSS is again in no mood to compromise ideology at the cost of personality politics.
Until 1858, the East India Company maintained that it could assume the sovereignty of a state whose ruler was deemed incompetent or who died without a direct heir. This so-called doctrine of lapse policy contradicted the traditional right of Indian rulers to adopt an heir when they had no progeny. The doctrine of lapse was pursued most vigorously by the Governor-General Sir James Ramsay, 10th Earl (later 1st Marquess) of Dalhousie. Dalhousie annexed seven states, including the Maratha states of Nagpur, Jhansi, Satara and Awadh (Oudh), whose Nawabs he had accused of misrule. Resentment over the annexation of these states, which turned to indignation when the heirlooms of the Maharajas of Nagpur were auctioned off in Calcutta by the East India Company, contributed to the rising discontent which exploded in the Indian rebellion of 1857 (the "Indian Mutiny"). The last Mughal Padshah (emperor), who was accused of aiding the rebellion, was deposed. The doctrine of lapse was discontinued in the aftermath of the rebellion, as was rule by the East India Company. Although none of the states were restored, no more princely states were annexed.
But even as the first Indian War of Independence came to a tragic and bitter end, the Princely States that had sided with the British, (or remained neutral) were to discover that the British were no less capable of undermining them. New and more aggressively loyalist agents were employed to weaken the independence and financial viability of the Princely States.
For instance, Sir T. Madhav Rao, (British appointed administrator of the state of Baroda) passed laws preventing the state from manufacturing or purchasing arms at will. He also pushed through laws increasing taxes on commodities of daily public use such as salt, and providing British manufacturers monopoly distribution rights. Additionally, Madhav Rao signed decrees requiring sizeable payments to the British for services that the state had no need of. Nepotism and corruption thrived in the Madhav Rao administration, and locals who may have objected to (or resisted) laws and decrees that were inimical to the economic interests of the state were kept out. Loyalist like Madhav Rao thus became instrumental in driving the people of the state into utter helplessness and dire poverty.
Other loyalists were not as blatant, and attempted to couch their collaboration with the British administrators in a more reformist light. Sir Syed Ahmed (b. 1817) appointed a Member of the Public Service Commission by Lord Dufferin saw the British presence in India as "beneficial to the scientific modernization of the country", and saw British presence in the subcontinent as a "liberalizing" factor.
Even former-rulers such as Nagpur's Rani Bakabai (whose Bhosle royal clan had been earlier humiliated by the British) nevertheless threatened potential mutineers in her territory with dire consequences. Following Nagpur's annexation, the British had confiscated almost the entire Bhosle treasury, transferring 136 bags of precious metals and jewels, and other cultural valuables, to British vaults. Palace animals were auctioned off, and much of the remaining personal jewelry of the Bhosle queens was auctioned off in Calcutta. However, Rani Bakabai and other senior royals were provided a pension, and this proved sufficient to buy their loyalty.
Inspired by the rebellions in other cities - (such as at Meerut, Delhi, Lucknow, Kanpur, Sagar and Jhansi), an iregular unit at Takli near Nagpur had rebelled, but other units remained passive allowing the British to overcome the rebellion. Dildar Khan, Inayatulla Khan, Vilayat Khan and Nawab Kadar Khan of the irregular cavalry were tried and executed.
Although the masses of Nagpur were generally sympathetic to those who rebelled, the influence of the pro-British royals remained strong, and it was the pro-colonial orientation of many such Indian rulers that allowed the British to regain their confidence and regroup, and ultimately recover the territories they lost in 1857.
In writing about the "Causes of the Indian Revolt of 1857", Syed Ahmed wrote that the people of India had "misunderstood" the intentions of the British, and failed to comprehend the "good points" of the British rulers. When the Indian National Congress was launched with it's rather limited goals of ensuring greater representation for Indians in the colonial administration and gradual transformation towards home-rule within the empire, Syed Ahmed opposed the movement, and in an 1887 speech to the Mahomeddan Educational Conference, discouraged Indian Muslims from joining the Congress. Although he projected himself as a liberal and secular reformer, he opposed common electorates for all Indians, arguing for separate electorates and compartmental elections for Muslims and other non-Hindus. Though it appears from his speeches that his views were not motivated by consciously divisive or communal intent, the effects of his propagandizing sowed the seeds for the elaboration and development of the highly pernicious two-nation theory, and ultimately to the bloody partition of the Indian subcontinent. Only late in life, did he begin to realize that the British colonial rulers were incapable of treating Indians with equality. It was then that he came to recognize the value of a body such as the Congress and began to express serious doubts and reservations about the role of the British in India. But by then the damage had been done - in his public life, Syed Ahmed (like many others) had served British interests only too well.
Like Sir Ahmed, Sir Ali Imam (b. 1869 in an aristocratic Patna family), Sir Muhammad Shafi (b. 1869 in an extremely wealthy landed family with holdings throughout Punjab) and Rahimatulla Mohammed Sayani (b.1847) were other prominent loyalists who played an important propagandist role in defending the empire. Lauded for his great services to the 'Raj' by Lord Harding, Ali Imam (who eventually became a judge in the Patna High Court) tried to obscure the contradictions between the Indian masses and the colonial administration by projecting Indian nationalism as being entirely compatible with loyalty to the British Sovereign and pride in the British Empire.
Muhammad Shafi attempted to argue that British and Indian interests were "similiar". Even as Shafi championed the cause of reforms in the British administration of India, he emphasized "India's fidelity to the Empire" adding that the empire was "Our Common Heritage". "To my own countrymen I appeal with equal earnestness to recognize that our British fellow-subjects in India have as permanent an interest in her future well-being as ourselves, and are entitled to play, a leading part in her constitutional development. Let us realize that in their co-operation and good-will for India's regeneration lies our sure and certain success along the path of constitutional development. We too, should cast aside all distrust and, imbued with a feeling of mutual confidence, meet the British elements in this country more than half way. In union lies strength and with Indo-British union there is no height to which India may not rise." (Quoted from the concluding portion of a series of articles published in the Civil and Military Gazette, Lahore - Eminent Mussalmans, p222)
The trend towards loyalism culminated in the persona of the Aga Khan (Sir Sultan Mhd. Shah, b. 1875, Karachi) who aggressively championed allegiance to the British in all it's war efforts (whether in Europe, South Africa or elsewhere), even stating that "If they will only give me the opportunity, I will shed my last drop of blood for the British Empire".
Continuing in the vein of Sir Syed Ahmed, the Aga Khan developed Muslim sectarian and separatist ideas much further by calling for the creation of the All India Muslim League as a political counter-weight and foil to the Congress. He also argued for the establishment of a University that would cater exclusively to the nation's Muslims. In deepening divisions between India's Hindus and Muslims, the Aga Khan could not have served the interests of the British Empire any better and was justly rewarded with great accolades in the British Press and royal circles.
However, not all eminent Muslims adopted a separatist approach. Badruddin Tyabji (b. 1844), who became President of the Indian National Congress in 1887 won the support of Indian industrialists when he argued against the abolition of import duties on cotton goods in 1879. A liberal reformer, he encouraged modern education for India's Muslims, and the lifting of Purdah for Muslim women when he became Secretary (and later President) of the Anjuman-i-Islam in Bombay in 1880 . In 1883, he campaigned to seek equal rank for Indians employed in British-run Indian administrative services.
Tyabji was succeeded by Sir Pherozeshah Mehta (b. 1845) who headed the Congress in 1889. Like Tyabji, Pherozeshah Mehta also fought for equality for Indians in the colonial administration, and resisted European domination of the Indian University system, taking up the cudgels against Lord Curzon (who had won the editorial backing of the pro-colonial Times of India in his attempts at furthering the British domination of the Indian education system). Yet, Pherozeshah Mehta also repeatedly expressed his opposition to more radical nationalism and strived hard to keep the Congress on a loyalist track. The election of Mohd. Sayani (who had previously stayed aloof from the Congress) as President in 1896 underlined the loyalist hold on the Congress.
Sayani had been an ardent admirer of the British, and criticized those who distrusted their motives and presence in India. In a passionate speech defending the British presence in India, he argued that "a more honest or steady nation does not exist under the sun than this English nation". At a time when India was reeling from famines induced by British policies in India, he defended British Rule, describing it as generally based on "law and sympathy", and having given India "peace". Sayani also harbored the illusion that English capital would modernize and industrialize India, and make Indians prosperous, but in fact, the Indian economy experienced zero growth in the first half of the 20th century, and the flow of capital from England to India was never more than a trickle. (Quotes taken from a speech delivered during discussion of the Financial Statement of 1898-99).
But throughout this period