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  • Most Influential People

    Most Influential People

    Palash Biswas

    Contact: Palash C Biswas, C/O Mrs Arati Roy, Gosto Kanan, Sodepur, Kolkata- 700110, India. Phone: 91-033-25659551

    Email: alashchandrabiswas@gmail.com">palashchandrabiswas@gmail.com

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    `The economic transformation of India since liberalisation is real, but it will be a while before the average middle class Indian tosses her Lakmé aside for a Lancome, or trades in her handmade salwar-kameez for a Ralph Lauren pantsuit.'

    Inmfluential People in India do represent Brand india! shining India! Dalit India, Underprevilleged India and ruaral India has no representation at all!

    Congress leader Sonia Gandhi, steel icon Lakshmi Mittal along with Osama bin Laden and Pope Benedict XVI are among a packed and varied field chosen by Time Magazine for this year's list of the world's 100 most influential people.Aishwarya Rai has a knack for appearing on covers and on celebrity shows not because she has mastered the art of media and public relations but she has finessed her early accolade of the Miss World into a rapidly growing cinematic resume now marching towards Hollywood unmatched by her colleagues in Mumbai. Last year, Aishwarya Rai made it into the Time magazine's list of 100 most powerful people. It is very rare that the same person gets selected the succeeding year. But Aishwarya Rai made her presence in the star-studded dinner in New York last night with this year's 100 most powerful influential people.

    "It's undoubtedly an honour. It feels great that I was a part of this remarkable group. On a personal level, it's a humbling experience, because the people I have been rated with have achieved so much more than me", said Aishwarya Rai.

    Aishwarya shared the night alongside the who's who from government, science, arts, sports, business and entertainment, those who have been rated the most powerful people of 2004-2005 by Time .

    The White House rejected on Friday what it called "high cost" scenarios to tackle global warming that were spelled out in the latest report by a United Nations panel on climate change. Microsoft Corp. has stepped up its pursuit of a deal to buy Yahoo Inc., two newspapers reported on Friday, as the two companies re-enter talks to strike a deal and fend off a common competitor in Web search leader Google Inc.Yahoo shares jumped 17.96 percent to $33.24 in Nasdaq trading on Friday, while Microsoft shares fell 1.26 percent to$30.58.The two companies have held informal talks over the years, but the latest approach comes as Microsoft seeks a deal to counter Google's rapid growth.

    Outraged over the US attempts to link the nuclear deal with Indo-Iran ties, Left parties on Friday asked the government to make a statement in Parliament on the status of the negotiations on the 123 agreement and progress on the Iran-Pakistan-India gas pipeline project.

    The parties, which provide key outside support to the UPA coalition, condemned the American "interference" on India's internal affairs and asked the Congress-led government "not to succumb to US pressure".

    Observing that the Hyde Act passed by the US Congress had set out unacceptable terms on how India should conduct itself with regard to Iran, the CPI(M) said it was of the view that the government should not have begun negotiations on the 123 Agreement without clarifying the issues raised by it.

    With the 123 Agreement being negotiated now and the US mounting steady pressure, "it is imperative that the government make a statement in Parliament about both the status of the negotiations and on how the IPI pipeline project is progressing," it said in a statement here.
    Post Modern Manusmriti has fixed new laws of Varanashram. In accordance with these laws, purchasing capacity and sustenance capability against marketing forces determine your social status. recent studies have proved this!

    Here you are!

    A truer measure of India's failure is not its present level of poverty, but its inability to create a middle class. India's middle class constituted less than 10% of the population in 1984 and 1985, according to the National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER). When half the population in society is middle class, its poor will be fewer — and society will have greater means to look after them. Since then, it has more than tripled, but is still less than 20%. If our country's economy grows 7% over the foreseeable future and if the population increases anually by 1.5%, if the literacy rate keeps rising and if we assume the historical middle-class growth rate of the past 15 years, then half of India will turn middle class between 2020 and 2040. That is a lot of ifs that we will have meet. And to be sure, there will still be huge disparities between different regions of the country.

    WHENEVER I hear foreigners talking about the Indian "middle class", I wonder what they mean.

    Much of the clamour about economic reforms has focused on this group, which may be sociological but is not entirely logical. The conventional wisdom is that this middle class is some 300 million strong — larger than the entire domestic market of the United States, say the marketing gurus — and, together with a very rich upper class, has both the purchasing power and the inclinations of the American middle class.

    Today's economic mythology sees this new Indian middle class as ripe for international consumer goods. Our television channels and glossy magazines overflow with ads for foreign brand-name products from Daewoo Cielo cars to Ray-ban sunglasses. This is why Kellogg's rushed in with their cornflakes; Nike got our then cricket captain, Mohammed Azharuddin, to endorse their sports shoes (sparking off an unintended controversy since his name is also that of the Prophet and could not adorn an item so lowly as footwear); Mercedes-Benzes began rolling off the automotive production lines; and Johnny Walker Black Label scotch has become an Indian brand, not just one purveyed by smugglers. It was once said that more bottles of Johnny Walker Black Label were sold in India than were distilled in Scotland: now the joke may literally come true.
    http://www.shashitharoor.com/articles/hindu/middleclass.php

    The CBI has made a strong pitch for scrutinising wealth of "highly influential" persons in the country who not only make huge deposits without clearly indicating sources of income but also pack off their ill-gotten money to international financial centres like Swiss banks taking protection under strict privacy laws. The agency came out with these suggestions at a conferenceGlobal Financial Crime Congress in Bangkok on Wednesday. Experts from law enforcement agencies from across the world are participating in the four-day congress which is focusing on corruption, money laundering, terror financing and Internet-related fraud.

    The ten most important Indians are the education ministers of the country's ten largest states. The next ten are the secretaries to these ministers. Alas, they do not realize their historic mission. The United States, the European Union and East Asia are all embarked on massive plans to accelerate the development of their human capital — and we Indians are in a race with them, argues Gurcharan Das in this excerpt from his book "India Unbound".

    Increased purchasing power

    Much of west and south India will turn middle class by 2020, but the backward states like Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and Orissa won't get there before 2040. Disparities are obviously bad, but vigorous migration helps to ameliorate them and creates pressure on the backward states to catch-up.

    The middle class in India has the sense that it is coming into its own; that it has acquired the numerical strength (300 million and more, if you use a fairly loose definition) to make the Indian market matter even in a global context; and to demand that their issues be addressed when elections come round.The cacophony on television, the visible shift in focus of the general newspapers (out with coverage of city slums, in with coverage of shopping malls), the rush to start new airlines and the obvious international interest in India, all say the same thing: the middle class in India has arrived.
    As always, the NCAER (or National Council of Applied Economic Research) survey of households gives us interesting answers to these vital questions.

    It is a shock to discover, for instance, that despite the evident emergence of a strong middle class, barely 10 per cent of all households have life insurance cover--traditionally the first form of savings for anyone with a reliable income flow and with dependants.

    And medical insurance is available for barely 1 per cent of all households!

    There is worse to come. Only 2 per cent of households have credit cards (so much, then, for the vaunted advent of plastic money). Even that basic item in a middle-class household, the refrigerator, exists in only a sixth of all households in the country (probably because only a third of rural households have a domestic electric connection!).

    It might be as much of a surprise to know that half of all the TV sets sold in the country are either black and white, or small (i.e. 14-inch) colour sets.

    The only items of truly mass consumption remain daily consumables like cooking oil and washing and toilet soaps (which should really be classified as necessities, not options), followed some way behind by shampoos.

    Among consumer durables, the ones used most often are not the stuff of contemporary middle class legend, and are either table/ceiling fans or bicycles. The first category sells about 37 million each year, the second about 25 million.

    In other words, what appears a normal lifestyle to the average city youngster working in an office is completely abnormal for the majority, in both towns and cities (just as it is completely abnormal to speak and write in English -- only about 6 per cent do that).

    Presenting India's viewpoint at the congress, CBI joint director Radha Vinod Raju called for devising a legal framework and coordinated international cooperation to bring in place effective mechanism for recovery of assets accumulated through corrupt means.

    Indicating instances of corruption in high places, Raju spoke about the provisions of the UN Convention against Corruption and pointed out that "asset recovery" was probably the finest contribution and a revolutionary concept enshrined in this convention. He stated that several measures were envisaged for national and international attention in the convention. One of the measures, he said, was to enhance scrutiny of the so called "highly influential" persons who make huge deposits without clearly indicating sources of such wealth and the nature of their occupation.

    A horserace punter was found bleeding from a gunshot to his chest just across the road from the Prime Minister’s residence this afternoon, triggering charges of a security lapse.Kishore Lal Sehgal, 35, staggered out of his white Maruti Zen, screaming for help, before collapsing unconscious less than 50 metres from the barricades leading to 7 Race Course Road.A splotch of blood flowed down the driver’s backrest, and a 9mm pistol, identical to police service revolvers, was lodged in the space between the two front seats. On the front passenger’s seat lay a bundle of thousand-rupee notes.It was 2.45 pm and Manmohan Singh was to leave for Parliament any time, security officials said.

    India’s middle class is expected to grow more than tenfold to touch 583 million by 2025 if the current economic growth continues, according to a report by management consultancy firm McKinsey. The report, which was released today, says: “Indian incomes will almost triple if the government forges ahead on a systematic reform programme, promotes competition, contains the fiscal deficit, reins in inflation and invests in infrastructure, healthcare and education.”

    The report defines the middle class as households with an annual disposable income of Rs 2-9 lakh. In 2005, 13 million households, or 50 million people, fell in this category.

    The report sees India surpassing Germany to become the fifth-largest consumer market by 2025 from the 12th spot it now holds. The forecasts are based on the assumption that the economy would grow at a compound annual rate of 7.3 per cent from 2005 to 2025.

    McKinsey says income growth, rather than a change in savings pattern or population growth, would be the biggest driver of increasing consumption. By 2025, consumers in urban areas would be responsible for 62 per cent of consumption, though they were only likely to represent 37 per cent of the population.India’s middle class is expected to grow more than tenfold to touch 583 million by 2025 if the current economic growth continues, according to a report by management consultancy firm McKinsey. The report, which was released today, says: “Indian incomes will almost triple if the government forges ahead on a systematic reform programme, promotes competition, contains the fiscal deficit, reins in inflation and invests in infrastructure, healthcare and education.”The report defines the middle class as households with an annual disposable income of Rs 2-9 lakh. In 2005, 13 million households, or 50 million people, fell in this category.

    The report sees India surpassing Germany to become the fifth-largest consumer market by 2025 from the 12th spot it now holds. The forecasts are based on the assumption that the economy would grow at a compound annual rate of 7.3 per cent from 2005 to 2025.McKinsey says income growth, rather than a change in savings pattern or population growth, would be the biggest driver of increasing consumption. By 2025, consumers in urban areas would be responsible for 62 per cent of consumption, though they were only likely to represent 37 per cent of the population.

    Outraged over the US attempts to link the nuclear deal with Indo-Iran ties, Left parties on Friday asked the government to make a statement in Parliament on the status of the negotiations on the 123 agreement and progress on the Iran-Pakistan-India gas pipeline project.

    The parties, which provide key outside support to the UPA coalition, condemned the American "interference" on India's internal affairs and asked the Congress-led government "not to succumb to US pressure".

    Observing that the Hyde Act passed by the US Congress had set out unacceptable terms on how India should conduct itself with regard to Iran, the CPI(M) said it was of the view that the government should not have begun negotiations on the 123 Agreement without clarifying the issues raised by it.

    With the 123 Agreement being negotiated now and the US mounting steady pressure, "it is imperative that the government make a statement in Parliament about both the status of the negotiations and on how the IPI pipeline project is progressing," it said in a statement here.

    BSP continues lead in exit poll

    NDTV Correspondent
    Friday, May 4, 2007 (New Delhi)
    According to an exit poll conducted by NDTV after the sixth phase of polling for the 52 seats in the Poorvanchal region of UP, Mayawati's BSP is likely to get between 19 and 23 seats.

    In 2002, the party got 15 seats in the area. The Samajwadi Party and it's allies are expected to bag between 16 and 20 seats. The last time Mulayam Singh managed 21 seats in the region.

    The BJP and allies will get between 9 and 13 seats. In 2002, the party got 11 seats in the area.

    The Congress may get up to three seats in the area but even that will be an improvement over the solitary seat it got in 2002. Smaller parties and independents may also get up to three seats.

    The overall projections based on all the six phases of polling in the state suggest that the BSP will be getting between 120 and 130 seats. It's a big jump from the 97 seats it got in 2002, but clearly short of the halfway mark.

    The BJP and it's allies can expect 110-120 seats. In 2002, they had won 107 seats. The Samajwadi Party is also projected to get between 110 and 120 seats - clearly down from the 145 seats it won the last time.

    The Congress is likely to get between 35-45 seats. It's a significant improvement from the 25 seats it won in 2002.

    Smaller parties and independents will get between 10 and 20 seats.

    India dug in its heels on Friday over agricultural issues in troubled World Trade Organisation (WTO) talks and rejected a call to be more flexible on imports.

    Commerce and Industry Minister Kamal Nath said proposals put forward by the chairman of WTO farm negotiations, New Zealand's ambassador Crawford Falconer, were unbalanced and disappointing.

    In suggestions for breaking a deadlock in farm talks, a key part of the WTO's Doha round aimed at reducing trade barriers across the board, Falconer said developing countries would have to soften demands to shield up to 20 percent of their agricultural market from competition.

    "I must express disappointment," Nath told a news conference. "The (Falconer) paper suffers from serious imbalances ... They are not paying enough attention to the livelihoods of farmers ... in developing countries," he said.

    Nath said that Falconer had not been demanding enough on the need for rich WTO members, notably the United States and the European Union, to slash farm subsidies which India and others say distort world markets.

    "Subsidies by developed countries cause a serious challenge to the successful completion of these talks," he said.

    Leading WTO states, among them India, say they want a final deal in the 5-year-old Doha round, which aims to reduce poverty and boost growth, by the end of this year. This means a blueprint must be agreed by August.

    "I wish the round closed, but you must realise that the content is as important as the completion," Nath said when asked about the urgency of achieving a breakthrough.

    Senior officials from the G4 -- Brazil, the European Union, India and the United States -- had three days of talks in London this week before a ministerial meeting in Brussels on May 17-18.

    The Brussels meeting will be followed by three more before mid-June by when the G4, which represents a range of trading interests, hopes to have an understanding that will make it easier for the full WTO membership to agree a deal.

    While some progress was made in London, deep differences remain, according to officials who attended the talks.

    "The United States is wary about talking numbers on subsidies," said one diplomatic source.

    Some diplomats say Washington has indicated that it could lower the ceiling on trade-distorting farm subsidies to $17-19 billion a year, from the $22-23 billion it is formally offering.

    Even that is way above what it actually spends and therefore offers developing countries no inducement to open their markets further to either farm or manufactured goods, another important area of the Doha round, some diplomats say.

    France risks violence and brutality if right-winger Nicolas Sarkozy wins Sunday's presidential election, his Socialist opponent Segolene Royal said on Friday.On the last day of official campaigning, opinion polls showed Sarkozy enjoyed a commanding lead over Royal, who accused the former interior minister of lying and polarizing France.

    "Choosing Nicolas Sarkozy would be a dangerous choice," Royal told RTL radio.
    Environmental Activists Blast ADB
    Houston Chronicle - 15 hours ago
    By HANS GREIMEL AP Writer. © 2007 AP. KYOTO, Japan - The Asian Development Bank opened its annual meeting Friday under criticism from activists who claim its economic growth strategies fuel global warming and degrade the environment.
    'Asia must step up financial cooperation' Economic Times
    Asian Bank Meeting to Look at Shifting Role as Region Prospers Voice of America
    Reuters AlertNet - Bloomberg - Forbes - Financial Express
    all 119 news articles »

    Ledger Independent
    Rice, Iranian Diplomat Discuss Stabilizing Iraq
    Washington Post - 4 hours ago
    By Karen DeYoung and Debbi Wilgoren. SHARM EL-SHEIKH, Egypt, May 3 -- The US ambassador to Iraq and a senior Iranian diplomat spoke briefly this morning about ways of stabilizing Iraq -- a rare interaction between two long-estranged nations, ...
    US holds Iranians as bargaining chips Asia Times Online
    The Sharm el Sheikh Kabuki New York Times
    Globe and Mail - International Herald Tribune - New Straits Times - Bloomberg
    all 2,092 news articles »

    TRS MP denies involvement in human trafficking

    Hyderabad, May 04: Dismissing as a "total lie" reports suggesting his involvement in a human trafficking racket, suspended Telangana Rashtra Samiti MP and former Union minister A Narendra today said he had never met Rasheed, the alleged kingpin in the case.

    "I have no idea about this person. Whatever he has told police about me is absolutely false and has no basis," Narendra said.

    His denial came in the backdrop of revelations said to have been made by city-based travel agent Rasheed, linking the TRS leader to the scandal unearthed with the arrest of BJP MP Babubhai Katara.

    Rasheed, who was today remanded to judicial custody for two weeks, is understood to have told his interrogators that several politicians, including Narendra, were allegedly involved in smuggling people out of the country using their diplomatic passports.
    http://www.zeenews.com/znnew/articles.asp?rep=2&aid=369606&sid=REG

    "There are measures (for reducing greenhouse gas emissions) that come currently at an extremely high cost because of the lack of available technology," said James Connaughton, head of the White House Council on Environmental Quality.

    These expensive scenarios, he said, would bring cuts in world gross domestic product of as much as 3 percent.

    "Well, that would of course cause global recession, so that is something that we probably want to avoid," Connaughton said in a telephone briefing after the release in Bangkok of the report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.One example of a currently prohibitively expensive fix would be to produce power from coal with no emissions, he said.

    The latest document -- the third in a series -- offers a range of scenarios, pegged to different so-called stabilization levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Measured in parts per million, the current level is about 430.One version that would put the stabilization level of greenhouse gases in 2030 between 445 and 535 parts per million estimates the negative impact on gross domestic product at less than 3 percent over more than two decades. The annual impact was estimated at less than 0.12 percent.

    Other scenarios have more modest goals for 2030, with higher stabilization rates of greenhouse gases and less impact on the global economy. Connaughton noted these strategies have "relatively little economic cost and ... potentially significant economic and health benefits."

    The fourth annual list, which is due to hit newsstands on Friday, omits US President George W. Bush for the first time but includes democratic presidential candidates Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama. The "artists and entertainers" category includes Hollywood heavyweights Martin Scorsese, Cate Blanchett and heart-throbs Brad Pitt and Leonardo Dicaprio, along with fashion model Kate Moss.
    Pop sensation Justin Timberlake is named along with Senegalese musician Youssou N'dour, while former US vice president Al Gore's shift to environmental campaigner sees him nominated in the "scientists and thinkers" category. The list, which is designed to recognize "the men and women whose power, talent or moral example is transforming our world," does not appear in any order or give the magazine's reasons why some people were chosen over others. The "leaders and revolutionaries" category features Queen Elizabeth II, Israeli foreign minister Tzipi Livni --in an entry penned by US counterpart Condoleezza Rice -- and rice herself, appearing for a fourth year running. California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger makes a showing next to Raul Castro, the younger brother of Cuban leader Fidel Castro and Chinese President Hu Jintao. Other politicians in the mix include German chancellor Angela Merkel, Iranian supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, US House of Representatives Speaker Nancy Pelosi and Liu Qi, head of the 2008 Beijing Olympics Committee.

    No enhanced compensation for Bhopal victims: SC

    The Supreme Court has dismissed a bunch of petitions which sought enhanced compensation for the victims of the 1984 Bhopal Gas Tragedy. A Bench of Justices C K Thakker and Altamas Kabir, however, said if any of the victims was denied proper compensation, he/she can approach the Claims Tribunal for appropriate settlement of claims.
    The petitions were filed by various NGO's and individuals who sought a nearly five-fold increase in the USD 470 million compensation.
    The petitioners had claimed that the USD 470 million compensation was inadequate and several victims could not receive the amount till date.

    All steps to boost national security will be taken: Antony
    Hindu - 2 hours ago
    Leh (J&K), May 4 (PTI): India will not close its eyes to arms procurement in the region and will take steps to safeguard national security in the face of "irritants" with some of its neighbours, Defence Minister, AK Antony, said today.
    Govt to seek better wages for military: Antony Zee News
    NSG clearance not imminent: Bildt Hindustan Times
    India seeks more balanced outcome in WTO: Nath

    Friday, May 4, 2007

    Conditions imposed by developed countries and unfair trade practices were responsible for the deadlock in WTO'S trade liberalisation talks, Commerce and Industry Minister Kamal Nath has said. "The current freeze we are witnessing is because the debate is being deflected from an unconditional delivery of the development dimension to conditionalities that expose what seem to be the real intention of some," he said delivering a special address at Oxford University's. "We have engaged in this round in the belief that it is a development round. And we aim to continue to proceed on that premise," said Nath, who is championing the cause of the developing countries at the WTO talks. High subsidy given by developed countries and industrial tariffs has been the most contentious issue at WTO talks since the Doha development round was launched in the Qatari capital in 2001. Representatives of four key WTO players - India, the US, Brazil and the European Union, held a meeting in New Delhi in mid-April but failed to reach an agreement. The representatives are expected to meet again on 17th -18th May in Paris.

    Protest in Israel demanding Olmert's resignation

    Friday, May 4, 2007

    Tens of thousands of Israelis hit the streets at a massive rally asking Prime Minister Ehud Olmert and Defence Minister Amir Peretz to resign in the wake of a damning report by a committee investigating last year's war with Hezbollah. Protesters from across the country, cutting across all affiliations, thronged Tel Aviv on Thursday reflecting the widespread dissatisfaction with Olmert's leadership. The police said the protesters at the famous Rabin Square numbered more than 100,000 while the oganisers claimed that close to 200,000 protesters were in attendance, making it one of the largest rallies in Israel in recent times. A banner reading "Failures, Go Home!" hung behind a podium set up at one end of the square in front of Tel Aviv city hall. "Ehud Olmert, you said you work for us. Olmert, you are fired!" said keynote speaker, author Meir Shalev.
    The organiser of the rally, Uzi Dayan, chairman of the Tafnit movement which failed to open its account in last elections, said, "Democracy has emerged victorious". Despite a number of cracks since the Winograd Commission issued its interim report on Monday, Olmert's governing coalition has held together, with little apparent appetite among its members for an election that could go Netanyahu's way.
    "The Winograd Committee that the prime minister established has courageously stood up to him and said clearly, "Mr Olmert, you failed," Dayan said..
    _____________________________________________________

    Bush to proceed on East Europe missile shield talks

    Friday, May 4, 2007

    The Bush administration said that it would launch negotiations this month to deploy a missile shield in Eastern Europe despite Russia's objections and growing opposition in the Democratic-led US Congress.
    ''I plan to lead an interagency team to Warsaw and Prague in late May to begin formal negotiations on the placement of missile defense facilities in those countries,'' Assistant Secretary of State John Rood told a meeting of two House of Representatives subcommittees.
    A separate House subcommittee voted unanimously this week to slash 160 million dollar from 310 million dollar sought by President George W Bush to deploy 10 missile interceptors in Poland and radar in the Czech Republic.
    _____________________________________________________

    Iraq's creditors have waived 30 billion dollars:UN

    Friday, May 4, 2007

    United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said on Thursday that the donor countries including Britain, Saudi Arabia and China had pledged to waive 30 billion dollars in debts owed by the government of war-torn Iraq. Ban announced the figure at the end of a one-day international conference that endorsed an International Compact offering financial and other support to Iraqi institutions in return for political and economic reform.
    ''A number of countries have made concrete commitments under the Compact on Thursday. In particular there was broad support for the terms of the Paris Club on Iraq's outstanding debt. Specific financial commitments made by particular countries are estimated at over 30 billion dollars,'' he told a news conference.
    He said the figure of 30 billion dollars included commitments by Bulgaria, China, Saudi Arabia, Greece and new commitments by Britain, Australia, Spain, Denmark and South Korea.
    But it was not clear how much of the total these countries committed in connection with Thursday's conference in the Egyptian Red Sea resort of Sharm el-Sheikh.
    Saudi Arabia, for example, said two weeks ago that it had agreed to waive 80 percent of the money it is owed by Iraq, in line with the percentage recommended by the Paris Club. That alone would have contributed about $12 billion to the 30 billion dollar figure cited by Ban.
    Iraqi Finance Minister Bayan Jabor said on Thursday Iraq had accepted an Egyptian offer to forgive 800 million dollars in debt, and three east European countries -- Slovenia, Poland and Bulgaria -- have offered an 80 percent waiver of the debt owed to them. He did not give figures for the European countries.
    When Saudi Arabia announced its waiver last month, Jabor estimated that his country's debt stood at 140 billion dollars.
    But since the Iraqi government was making very few debt repayments, either of interest or capital, the waivers have more political than economic importance, analysts say.
    _____________________________________________________

    Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus drops political plan

    Friday, May 4, 2007

    Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus, who late last year announced plans to form a party to bail out the country from confrontational politics, said on Thursday he has decided to give up the plan. "I have decided to back out from my efforts for forming a political party, bowing to the practical aspects of the situation," he said in a statement. Yunus won the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize for helping poor women escape poverty by offering micro-credit through his Grameen Bank, earning the nickname "banker to the poor". Bangladeshis, irrespective of caste and creed, felt national pride at Yunus's worldwide recognition, but he drew criticism from various quarters after unveiling his plan to form a political party that would lead the country forward through good work and harmony. He had named his yet unborn party Nagarik Shakti (citizen's power) and invited Bangladeshis, in an open letter, to join him in the new effort.
    On Thursday, Yunus said those who encouraged him to form the party had later declined to back him. Yunus issued the statement on Thursday, after he met Fakhruddin Ahmed, head of the army-backed interim government, at his official residence on Wednesday night. Yunus said he felt the interim government, which had restored relative calm in the country after deadly political violence last year, would be able to steer Bangladesh to further progress with the people's support. The stated main objective of the interim authority is to hold a free and fair election. But Fakhruddin has vowed to rid the country of corrupt politicians first.
    ______________________________________

  • Unparliamentary!

    UNParliamentary!

    Palash Biswas

    Contact: Palash C Biswas, C/O Mrs Arati Roy, Gosto Kanan, Sodepur, Kolkata- 700110, India. Phone: 91-033-25659551

    Email: alashchandrabiswas@gmail.com">palashchandrabiswas@gmail.com

    Top Andhra politicians linked to human smuggling: Rasheed
    India eNews.com - 5 hours ago
    Travel agent Rasheed, arrested on charges of smuggling Indians abroad, has told the police that several top politicians in Andhra Pradesh were involved in the racket, police sources said Friday.
    Passport kingpin indicts Cong MLAs CNN-IBN
    Trafficking scam: Kingpin reveals more names Zee News

    Indian Parliamentary affairs seems to be most UN PALIAMENTARY!
    Whatever may happen inside the Parliment, it seems an All Party allaince is there to enhance Swiss Bank Accounts! Latest Human Trafficking Scam proves it.

    Ashok Mitra, the firebrand Marxist and ex chief economic advisor of Mrs indira gandhigovernment as well as the first finnace miniseter of Left Front government led by comrade jyoti basu, has pointed out the rot very well in his autobiography.The Partition of India found him and his family in the new country of East Pakistan that they were to leave, like millions of other refugees, to a new where they have to re-build lives. He goes on to analyse the fledgling democracy of India, taking his readers through the days of the early Five Year Plans, with which he was involved in the 1950s. Ashok Mitra's involvement with economic policy continued in his work as Chairman of the Agricultural Prices Commission, and with his appointment as Chief Economic Adviser to the Government of India when lndira Gandhi became Prime Minister. Soon after, the political crisis in East Pakistan turned into the war of liberation and the author provides much new insider information. Highlighting a different aspect of his live, that of his association with writers and intellectuals, Ashok Mitra talks of his friendship with Sachin Chaudhuri and his brothers and the founding of the Economic Weekly and its second coming as the Economic and Political Weekly. Throughout the book, he also weaves in the cultural and literary history of Bengal as his literary interests have been as vital as his political ones. Mitra's reminiscences are enriched by his analysis of Marxism and Marxists in a poor country, of how the alliance of parties that formed the Left Front that has been elected to power in the state of West Bengal functioned, his story of his stint as the Minister of Finance and Planning in the late 1970s and 1980s, and what lay behind his sudden resignation. He is open about his disagreements with the current world-wide mantra of globalisation and liberalisation. The memoirs give valuable insights, adding to our understanding of India's past, present and possible future. {A Prattler's Tale: 473pp, 155x230mm, February 2007; HB, £30.00).

    Ashok Mitra's memoirs, translated for the first time into English from the Bengali original, 'Apila-Chapila' (Ananda, 2003), brings contemporary India alive. He exposes the truth that a finance minister of India has to be nominated by IMF and World Bank in coordination with White House Administration!

    Though the VVIP refugee Economist did not mention names in most of the cases, the most stunning fact is he has given enough hints to prove that Dr Man Mohan singh is a Prime Minister planted by US. He has to defend US MNC interests at all cost. No matter, how many Nandigram massacres the Indian People have to witness. Thus, the post modern Manusmriti works!
    Indian Parliament is represented by Comradors all along, who arenothing but his master`s voices!

    Make your stance clear on SEZs, FDI: BJP tells Govt.
    Hindu - 2 hours ago
    New Delhi, May 4 (PTI): Criticising the government for failing to take "bold" decisions on economic reforms, the Opposition today asked it to clear its stand on FDI and SEZs.
    Chidambaram's visit to US called off Economic Times
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    The West Bengal government submitted its status report on Nandigram violence on Friday. The report indicted CPI(M) cadre for inciting violence in the district. According to the report, clashes broke out after CPI(M) activists entered Nandigram. The report also says that CPI(M) activists stopped a Trinamool Congress MP's vehicle and damaged it. The police admitted their inability to reach remote areas of Nandigram, the report added. The report further stated that the state police was helpless without the support of political parties. The report was signed by the Additional Secretary of the West Bengal Home Department.

    Advocate-General Mr Balai Ray submitted the status report on the situation in Nandigram to Calcutta High Court and said the state did not agree with the suggestion that the CBI shall either investigate or inquire into the Nandigram police firing of 14 March. He said under the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, consent of the state government was necessary before the CBI could make any investigation at any stage other than in the erstwhile Union Territories. When the CBI is permitted to investigate it has to investigate as a member of the police force of the concerned State. An inquiry is also not possible by the CBI because the Act empowers it to investigate and not to inquire.
    The AG said the situation in Nandigram was serious. The status report mentioned a series of violent clashes between CPI-M supporters and those of the Trinamul Congress and the Bhumi Uchched Pratirodh Committee from January, 2007 till 16 March this year. Police parties faced difficulties in reaching remote villages.The AG stated that an area in Nandigram measuring about 65 sq km and inhabited by 60,000 people had become an independent island. The state can restore normalcy in that area in a day by using force under the relevant provisions of the law but it has not done so because it may result in further bloodshed.
    The status report says that at present there is considerable police presence in Nandigram. Police have been advised to exercise utmost restraint.
    The executive inquiry into the police firing is proceeding. The Commissioner, Burdwan Division, has visited the affected areas and examined a number of eye-witnesses. After hearing the Advocate-General and some senior advocates of the Bar Association who suggested further inquiry into the Nandigram incident, the Division Bench of the Chief Justice, Mr SS Nijjar, and Mr Justice Pinaki Chandra Ghose observed that the people of Nandigram had been denied their fundamental rights guaranteed under Article 21 of the Constitution of India.

    It is quite typical of Indian parliamentary sytem where State Power is run by Gestapo or Ranabeer Sena. Ministers and officials as well as the elected so called represntative of People are not only corrupt top to bottom, the play havoc as Comradors of alien market forces to annihilate indigenous people. And it is irony quite well, SEZ or no SEZ Nandigram Massacre has become a killing field to ensure political supremacy and the people have to pay for it. We all know about AFSPA and army rule continued in North EAst and Kashmir. But fire brand Bengal opposition leader MS Mamata Bannerjee demands paramilitary forces, army at Nandigram ! Following up their joint meeting, Congress and Trinamool Congress on Thursday met West Bengal Governor G K Gandhi and demanded that Nandigram be brought under the Disturbed Areas Act and para-military forces and the army be deployed there to restore peace.

    "Peace can return to Nandigram only if state-sponsored violence on the people is stopped. Nandigram should be immediately brought under the Disturbed Areas Act and para-military forces and, if necessary, army should be deployed to ensure return of peace," Banerjee said after meeting the governor together with a delegation from Congress to submit a joint memorandum.

    She alleged ferry services with Nandigram had been withdrawn by the authorities which had led the people there to face a virtual economic blockade while CPI(M) supporters were indulging in violence in connivance with the local administration. On Chief Minister Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee's offer of talks to restore peace at Nandigram, she retorted: "There cannot be any talks unless the state-sponsored violence stops."

    Representing state Congress former Rajya Sabha member Jayanta Bhattacherjee was a part of the delegation comprising leaders of the Trinamool led Krishi Jami Rakshya Committee (Save Farmland Committee) formed to fight against acquisition of farmland for industry. The state Congress, so far reluctant to commit itself to joining forces with Trinamool Congress' because of the latter's ties with BJP, changed its mind after Sunday's clash in Nandigram which left one person dead. Congress pointed out that BJP was not part of the TC-led platform.

    Mamata alleged CPI(M) did not want restoration of peace in Nandigram and that was why party supporters with government supplied arms were attacking attacking people.

    It is once again Comrade Jyoti Basu, the nonogenerian Bhism Pitamah Of Indian Communist movement, have come out to rescue entrapped Buddha Brand and cover up the unparliamentary, undemocratic affairs of the state.Jyoti Basu Friday said the Left Front government in West Bengal would comply with the directions of the Calcutta High Court for restoring peace and normalcy in trouble-torn Nandigram in East Midnapore district of West Bengal.

    'The state government will act in accordance with the directives of the Calcutta High Court,' Basu told reporters after a meeting of the Communist Party of India-Marxist (CPI-M) state secretariat here.
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    A division bench of the high court Thursday ordered the state government to quickly restore normalcy in violence-hit Nandigram, after the state submitted a status report on it.The bench comprising Chief Justice S.S. Nijjar and Justice Pinaki Chandra Ghosh asked the government to mitigate the volatile situation in Nandigram, about 150 km from here, and to ensure return of people who fled villages and restoration of their fundamental rights in the wake of violence since January this year over acquisition of agricultural land for an industrial complex.

    Residents of Nandigram have been denied fundamental rights enshrined in the Constitution, Calcutta High Court observed on Thursday.

    Though state Home Secretary Prasadranjan Ray said the police would enter Nandigram if need be, the HC didn't stop at just restoring order. The HC asked the government to provide assistance to residents of the area. Essential commodities will have to be distributed free of cost and necessary medical assistance provided to villagers. The ferry service between Nandigram and Haldia will have to be restored soon and the state government will have to ensure that people are not prevented from moving around freely, it said.

    Chief Minister Buddhadeb Bhattacharya and the party's state secretary Biman Bose were present in the state secretariat meeting.

    Basu also condemned the attack on a relief team of Kolkata intellectuals in Nandigram by CPI-M supporters Tuesday.

    'It is very bad. I do not know who has done this,' Basu said.

    The latest exposures, see!

    SEZs are turning into land scam, says Rahul Bajaj.In a zest to secure tax holidays, developers are gradually turning Special Economic Zones (SEZs) into a land scam, a leading industrialist has said. Today, big industrial houses acquiring land for SEZs are "almost turning it into a scam in the name of development," Bajaj Auto Chairman and Rajya Sabha member Rahul Bajaj said at a seminar organised by Consumer Unity and Trust Society here yesterday. Advocating direct interaction with the farmers, he said, if vast stretches of land have to be acquired to set up SEZs the companies must get them by paying the right value, and not the subsidised rates. He also said it would not be fair to compare the SEZs in India with that of China, as in case of the latter the land is owned by the state and the benefits go directly to the people. But, in this case it is the developer who is benefiting the most.

    Bajaj said development of an industrial area does not mean it has to be near an existing city. It would be of more significance if the infrastructure creation takes place at a distance providing an opportunity to promote auxiliary settlement, he added.

    Echoing his thought, independent Rajya Sabha member P C Alexender said, currently, SEZs are defying the initial social objective of providing small and medium entrepreneurs a growth opportunity. Supporting the SEZ Policy of the government, Rajya Sabha member and Founder of Farmers' Union Shetkari Sangathan Sharad Joshi said farmers, who are unable to repay their debts, are willing to give up agriculture in return of a better life that an SEZ promises.
    More MPs, MLAs in smuggling ring

    Radhika Iyer
    Friday, May 4, 2007 (Hyderabad)
    Hyderabad-based travel agent Rashid's surrender has proved to be bad news for many senior political leaders in Andhra Pradesh.In his confession statement, which is available with NDTV, he has named quite a few mighty and powerful politicians.

    The following are some of the names mentioned by Rashid.
    TRS MP Ravinder Nayak
    TRS MP Madhusudan Reddy
    Balchand Yadav, MP from UP
    Mohammad Taher Khan, MP from Sultanpur, UP
    A Narendra, Ex-MP from Medak
    Ex-MP Suguna Kumari
    Former minister Krishna Yadav
    Travel agent Rashid claims that he paid these MPs and MLAs a minimum of Rs 10 lakh each to use the passports of their family members and forge them to send his ''clients,'' mostly Gujarati women, abroad.
    http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20070010837

    Rajya Sabha approves Finance Bill
    New Delhi, May 4 (PTI): Admitting that income tax laws were complicated, Finance Minister P Chidambaram today promised to table the new Income Tax Code in the monsoon session of Parliament. "We are in the last leg of drafting the new income tax ...
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    NDTV.com
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    And again!

    May 04, 2007 13:19 IST

    Rajya Sabha plunged into turmoil during Question Hour on Friday on the issue of a letter written to Prime Minister Manmohan Singh by a group of US lawmakers questioning India's relations with Iran, as the entire opposition as well as the Communist Party-Marxist strongly condemned the US interference in India's foreign policy matters.The strong-worded letter from Capitol Hill came from senior lawmakers like Tom Lantos, chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, ranking Republican Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, Howard Berman, Gary Ackerman, who is the Chair of the House Middle East and South Asia subcommittee, and others.Cutting across party lines, members, including United Progressive Allaince allies CPM, demanded the US be categorically and in "very strong terms" conveyed that India would not accept any outside interference in its foreign policy matters nor compromise with its sovereignty and national integrity.

    The letter to the prime minister asking India to 'sever' military ties with Iran and "terminate" all cooperation in the energy sector.

    As soon as the House assembled for Question Hour, members were on their feet demanding suspension of the Question Hour and a discussion on the subject. Chairman Bhairon Singh Shekhawat, however, said the matter could be discussed after Question Hour.

    Members' persistence later paid off and the first 25 minutes were devoted to the subject.

    Bharatiya Janata Party member Yashwant Sinha, who spoke first, said it was a matter of India's sovereignty and should be discussed in the House. He criticised the government for not taking the House into confidence on the issue when it was in session, especially on the recent visit of Foreign Secretary Shiv Shankar Menon to the US and his discussions with Bush administration officials.

    "This is a dangerous developmnent. But the government has not thought it fit to take the House into confidence," he said while accusing the government of "buckling" under US pressure.

    Brinda Karat (CP-M) demanded that US Ambassador to India David Mulford be called to the Foreign Office and conveyed in "very strong terms" that India would not allow any interence with its sovereignty.She said the US should be told categorically that "this country is not for sale." Both Sinha and Karat demanded that the House be taken into confidence on the ongoing negotiations on the Indo-US nuclear deal.Karat said the prime minister should give a statement in the House on the issue.

    The House witnessed further turmoil when Parliamentary Affairs Minister, Priyaranjan Dasmunsi, while making a statement, accused the NDA of "bending on its knees" when they were in government.This was strongly objected to by the BJP members who demanded that the minister withdraw his remark.

    Human trafficking scam kingpin spills the beans
    http://www.rediff.com/news/2007/may/04traffic.htm

    May 04, 2007 12:06 IST
    Last Updated: May 04, 2007 13:52 IST

    The interrogation of Rasheed, a city-based travel agent and alleged kingpin in the human trafficking case, has opened a can of worms as names of several politicians are understood to have tumbled out during the grilling.

    "He has made allegations against several parliamentarians, legislators and former ministers across political parties. We cannot disclose their names at this juncture. We are verifying the records," police sources said in Hyderabad on Friday.

    Rasheed, whose name had figured prominently during the investigations ever since the emigration scandal broke out, had surrendered before the police on Thursday. He is being interrogated by a team of Central Crime Station police.

    According to sources, Rasheed had named one Rajupitti, believed to be a bookie, as the key person in the racket. He admitted that Rajupitti had allegedly introduced to him the prospective clients who were in need of forged passports and travel documents to go abroad.

    Rasheed, who had allegedly approached some MPs and MLAs with offers of huge bribe to use passports of their family members, will be produced before Nampally criminal court in Hyderabad.

    It was third time unlucky for 'trafficking' MP
    http://www.rediff.com/news/2007/apr/19katara.htm?zcc=rl

    The police have claimed that Bharatiya Janata Partry MP Babubhai Katara, who was arrested while trying to take a woman to Canada on his wife's passport, had smuggled people out of the country for monetary gains twice in the past. Katara, who was arrested on Wednesday at the Delhi airport, had struck a deal of Rs 27 lakh with Paramjeet Kaur through a travel agent but the money had not changed hands, a senior police official said.

    Investigations have revealed that Katara had travelled to the United States and Britain in 2005 and 2006 and had taken women along with him on his wife's passport. It has also come to light that he had forged arrival stamps on the passport to show that they had returned.

    He said Paramjeet, hailing from Hoshiarpur in Punjab, wanted to go the United States to live with her husband, who works there. The boy also has relatives in the US and his parents had struck the deal through a travel agent. The police is now hunting for at least two travel agents and the MP's aide and have sent special teams to several states including Punjab and Gujarat.

    Waning of Hypnotism of Political Leaders Along The Road To Power
    By: L Memo Singh.

    Of all the political events which bring the closer or distance between the leaders and the led, the most important is the elections of leaders for every constitutional term in a democratic set-up. The universally accepted electoral principle of the Paris Commune was once published in the Chinese Daily, Red Flag as, “All leaders must be elected by the people; the elected must be the servants of the people and be submitted to their surpervision the electors have the right to recall and replace the elected at any time”. Lin Piao, the first vice-chairman of the party and Minister of Defence of Mao Tse-tung’s time, said” “The people’s democratic rights are being fully instituted in accordance with the principle of the Paris Commune. Without such extensive democracy it would be impossible to initiate a genuine Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution.”

    Keeping in view the peoples’ verdict provided by the 9th Manipur Legislative Assembly Elections the State has witnessed the active participation of the great masses of people in the elections and the rapid mobility of voters accompanied by an apparent decline in the organizational capability of all the political parties irrespective of the regional and the national Parties.

    The pre pole scenarios of the State were full of fear and suspicion that in the midst of compelling circumstances any section of people would vitiate the electoral process to impeach the political structure of the state by unsalutory methods and accordingly the political faith of the people would have been shaken and to that extent that it happened, the moral basis of the State Power would shrink irreparably.
    http://www.kanglaonline.com/index.php?template=kshow&kid=856

    Indian incomes to triple in 20 years: study
    http://www.rediff.com/money/2007/may/04india2.htm

    May 04, 2007 16:23 IST

    Continued rise in business productivity and competitiveness of Indian economy is likely to inflate incomes in the country by almost three times over the next two decades, according to a latest McKinsey study.The rising income levels would lift 291 million people out of poverty and create a 583 million strong middle class in the next two decades, a report from McKinsey Global Institute reveals.If India maintains the growth momentum over the next 20 years, income levels would almost triple, it added.

    Constitution of India

    The Constitution of India is one of the best constitutions of the countries of the world. India attained freedom on 15th August 1947. The Constitution of the Republic came into effect on 26th January 1950. It was framed after a careful study of a number of constitutions and efforts were made to retain what is the best in them in view of the requirement of our country. It was framed by "The Constituent Assembly". Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the chairman of the Assembly and among its members were the most prominent personalities of those days. The draft of the constitution was prepared by the draft committee, which had 8 members, under the chairmanship of Dr.B.R.Ambedkar.It was initially summoned on December 9, 1946. A draft of the Constitution was published in February 1948. The Constitution was finally adopted for 26 November 1949. It came into effect on 26th January 1950.

    The Indian Constitution closely follows the British Parliamentary model, but differs from it in one important respect that is, the Constitution of India is supreme, not the Parliament. So the Indian courts are vested with the authority to adjudicate on the constitutionality of any law passed by the Indian Parliament.

    The Constitution of India guarantees equal rights to all Indian citizens, and prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, ethnicity, gender, caste, and religion; it also allows universal franchise, thereby making the Indian electorate the largest in the world.
    http://www.indianchild.com/indianparliament1.htm

    Former bandit joins race for MP seat in India's lower house
    http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/world/archives/2007/05/03/2003359260

    Pl See:India's great rush for SEZs
    http://www.rediff.com/money/sez.html?zcc=rl
    http://presidentofindia.nic.in/scripts/palatest1.jsp?id=8
    http://www.india-seminar.com/2000/487/487%20narayanan.htm
    http://www.carnegieendowment.org/events/index.cfm?fa=eventDetail&id=908&&prog=zgp&proj=zsa
    http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/World/india.htm
    http://www.lokniti.org/people_nm_loknit_Akverma.htm
    http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/
    http://loksabha.nic.in/
    http://www.answers.com/topic/parliament-of-india
    http://finance.indiamart.com/government_india/parliament_india.html
    http://presidentofindia.nic.in/
    http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/specials/tribune_125/main2.htm
    http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/specials/tribune_125/main2.htm
    http://goidirectory.nic.in/legis.htm
    http://india.gov.in/govt/parliament.php
    http://www.asianinfo.org/asianinfo/india/politics.htm
    https://www.vedamsbooks.com/no14044.htm
    http://www.answers.com/topic/parliamentary-system
    http://www.onlinenews.com.pk/articledetails.php?id=62495
    http://www.athabascau.ca/govn/parliamentary_democracy/chapters/chapter3.html
    http://www.eci.gov.in/ElectoralSystem/the_function.asp
    India
    From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India

    Republic of India

    Flag Emblem

    Motto
    "Satyameva Jayate" (Sanskrit)
    ??????? ???? (Devanagari)
    "Truth Alone Triumphs"
    Anthem
    Jana Gana Mana

    Capital New Delhi
    28°34'N, 77°12'E
    Largest city Mumbai
    Official languages Hindi, English and 21 other official languages
    Government Federal republic
    - President A.P.J Abdul Kalam
    - Prime Minister Manmohan Singh
    Independence from the United Kingdom
    - Declared 15 August 1947
    - Republic 26 January 1950
    Area
    - Total 3,166,414† km² (7th)
    1,222,559 sq mi
    - Water (%) 9.56
    Population
    - 2007 estimate 1,126,000,000 (2nd)
    - 2001 census 1,027,015,248
    - Density 329 /km² (31st)
    852 /sq mi
    GDP (PPP) 2006 estimate
    - Total $4.042 trillion (4th)
    - Per capita $3,737 (118th)
    GDP (nominal) 2007 estimate
    - Total $984.21 billion (12th)
    - Per capita $820 (132th)
    Gini? (1999–00) 32.5 (medium)
    HDI (2006) 0.611 (medium) (126th)
    Currency Rupee (?) (INR)
    Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)
    - Summer (DST) not observed (UTC+5:30)
    Internet TLD .in
    Calling code +91
    1 †Includes only Indian-administered territory.
    The Republic of India (Hindi: ???? ??????? Bharat Ga?arajya; see also other names), commonly known as India, is a sovereign country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second most populous country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world. India has a coastline of over seven thousand kilometres, bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east. India borders Pakistan to the west;[1] China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka, Maldives and Indonesia.

    Home to the Indus Valley civilization and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four major world religions, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism originated here, while Islam, Christianity, Judaism and Zoroastrianism arrived in the first millennium CE and shaped the region's variegated culture. Gradually annexed by the British East India Company from the early eighteenth century and colonised by Great Britain from the mid-nineteenth century, India became a modern nation-state in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by widespread use of nonviolent resistance as a means of social protest.

    With the world's 12th largest economy by exchange rates and the 4th largest in purchasing power, India has made rapid economic progress in the last decade. Although the country's standard of living is projected to rise sharply in the next half-century, it currently battles high levels of poverty, illiteracy, persistent malnutrition, and environmental degradation. A pluralistic, multi-lingual, multi-ethnic society, India is also home to a diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats.

    Parliament of India
    From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

    Coordinates: 28.617146° N 77.208001° E
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_India

    Sansad Bhavan, The Parliament of IndiaIndia

    Portal:Government of India

    The Parliament of India (or Sansad) is bicameral. It is located in New Delhi at Sansad Marg. This is the federal and supreme legislative body of the Republic of India.

    The Indian Parliament consists of two houses - the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha.

    Any bill can become an act only after it is passed by both the houses of the Parliament and assented by the President.

    The Central Hall of the Parliament is used for combined sittings of the lower and upper houses and is of historical significance.

    [edit] Lok Sabha
    The Lok Sabha is also known as the "House of the People" or the lower house. Almost all of its members are directly elected by citizens of India. It is the more powerful of the two houses since it can precede or overrule the upper house in many matters.

    The Lok Sabha can have up to 552 members as envisaged in the Constitution of India (Article 81). It has a term of 5 years but it may be dissolved earlier by the President in the event of no party getting a majority. To be eligible for membership of Lok Sabha, a person should be a citizen of India and be not less than 25 years of age. Up to 530 members can be elected from the states, up to 20 members from the Union territories and no more than two members can be nominated by the President of India.

    As of now, the Lok Sabha has 545 members, 530 members from the states, 13 members from the Union territories and 2 members of the Anglo Indian community.

    The representatives from States and Union Territories are directly elected by the people on the basis of universal adult suffrage. Every citizen who is over 18 years of age is eligible to vote. There is reservation of some seats for members of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes but not for members of any other community.

    [edit] Rajya Sabha
    The Rajya Sabha is also known as "Council of States" or the upper house. Its members are indirectly elected by members of legislative bodies of the States.

    The Rajya Sabha has 250 members in all. Elections to it are scheduled and the chamber cannot be dissolved legally. Each member has a term of 6 years and elections are held for one-third of the seats after every 2 years. The composition is specified in Article 80 of the Constitution of India.

    12 members are nominated by the President from people having special knowledge or experience in literature, science, art or social services.
    Representatives of States are elected by the elected members of the Legislative Assembly of the State in accordance with system of proportional representation by means of single transferable vote.
    Representatives of Union Territories are indirectly elected by members of an electoral college for that territory in accordance with system of proportional representation.
    The Council of States is designed to maintain the federal chara

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